Brown bear. Lifestyle and habitat brown bear

Bear is the largest predator on Earth. This animal refers to the class of mammals, the detachment of the predatory, family of bearish, the genus of bears ( Ursus). The bear appeared on the planet about 6 million years ago and was always a symbol of power and power.

Bear - Description, Characteristic, Building. What does the Bear look like?

Depending on the species affiliation, the predator body length can vary from 1.2 to 3 meters, and the weight of the bear varies from 40 kg to tons. The body of these animals is large, choreistic, with a thick, short neck and a big head. Powerful jaws make it easy to turn out both plant and meat food. The limbs are rather short and slightly curved. Therefore, the bear walks, swaying from side to the side, and relies on the entire foot. The speed of the bear at the moments of danger can reach 50 km / h. With the help of large and sharp claws, these animals mined food from under the ground, breaking the prey and boil the trees. Many views of the bears swim well. The White Bear has a special membrane between your fingers. The lifespan of the bear can reach 45 years.

Bears do not differ acute vision and well-developed hearing. This is compensated by a great sense of smell. Sometimes animals get up on the hind legs so that with the face of the surrounding environment.

Thick medveda woolcovering the body, has a different color: from reddish brown to black, white polar bears or black and white in panda. Types with dark fur to the old age are gray and become gray.

Does the bear have a tail?

Yes, but only a big panda is the owner of a noticeable tail. Other species have a short and practically indistinguishable in fur.

Views of bears, titles and photos

In the family of bearish zoologists, 8 types of bears are distinguished, which are divided into many different subspecies:

• Brown Bear (Ordinary Bear) (Ursus Arctos.)

The appearance of the predator of this species is typical for all representatives of a bear family: a powerful, pretty high to the withers torso, a massive head with enough small ears and eyes, a short, slightly noticeable tail, and large paws with very powerful claws. The torso of the brown bear is covered with thick wool with a brownish, dark gray, reddish color, which varies from the habitat of the "Kosolapoy". Clean-kids often have large bright fastening on the chest or in the neck area, however, with age, these marks disappear.

The range of the propagation of the brown bear is wide: it is found in the Alps mountain systems and on the Peninsula, distributed in Finland and Carpathians, comfortably feels in Scandinavia, Asia, China, in the North-West of the United States and in Russian forests.

• Polar (White) Bear (Ursus Maritimus.)

It is the largest representative of the family: the length of his body often reaches 3 meters, and the mass may exceed one ton. The long neck and slightly, the head of the head slightly - it distinguishes him from his fellow other types. The color of the fur of a bear - from the boiled-white to a little yellowish, the fur inside the hollow, so the bear gives the "fur" of the bear excellent thermal insulation properties. Soles paw densely "hit" bunches of coarse wool, which allows white bear Easily moving around ice cover without slip. Between the fingers, the paws have a membrane, facilitating the swimming process. The habitat is a view of the bears - the indoor regions of the northern hemisphere.

• Baribal (Black Bear) (Ursus Americanus.)

The bear is a little similar to the brown relative, but differs from him smaller sizes and iscin-black fur. The length of the adult Baribala does not exceed two meters, and the bear females are even smaller - their torso usually has a length of 1.5 meters. Pointed muzzle long paws, ending with enough short feet, - this is the noteworthy of this representative of the bears. By the way, black Baribals may become only by the third year of life, at birth recepting a gray or brownish color. The habitat of a black bear is extensive: from Alaska expanses to Canada's territories and hot mexico.

• Malay Bear (Biruang) (Helarctos Malayanus.)

The most "miniature" form among its bear families: its length does not exceed 1.3-1.5 meters, and the height in the withers slightly more than half a meter. This view of the bears has a centerous physique, a short, rather wide face with small round ears. The paws of the Malay Bear are high, while a little disproportionately look large, long feet with huge claws. The body is covered with a short and very hard black and brown fur, the animal's chest "decorates" white-red spot. Malay Bear lives in southern regions China, in Thailand and Indonesia.

• Belogruda (Himalayan) bear (Ursus Thibetanus.)

The slender body of the Himalayan Bear is not too large - this representative of the family is twice the smallest of the brown formation: the male has a length of 1.5-1.7 meters, while the height in the withers is only 75-80 cm, females - even smaller. The bear torso, covered with brilliant and silky wool of dark brown or black, crowned head with a sturdy muzzle and a large round ears. The obligatory "attribute" of the appearance of the Himalayan Bear is a spectacular white or yellowish color spot on the chest. This view of the bears lives in Iran and Afghanistan, meets in the mountainous areas of Himalayas, in the territory of Korea, Vietnam, China and Japan, freely feels in the expanses Khabarovsk Region And in the south of Yakutia.

• Point bear (Tremarctos Ornatus.)

Medium-sized predator - length 1.5-1.8 meters, height in withers from 70 to 80 cm. The muzzle is short, not too wide. The wool of the glasses of the Bear Cosmata, has a black or black and brown shade, white-yellow rings are necessarily present around the eyes, smoothly passing into the whites "collar" from fur on the neck of the animal. The habitat of this type of bears - countries South America: Colombia and Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador, Venezuela and Panama.

• Gubach (Melursus Ursinus.)

A predator with a body length is up to 1.8 meters, in the withers height varies from 65 to 90 centimeters, the females are about 30% less than males on both indicators. Gubacha's body is massive, the head is large, with a flat forehead and an excessively elongated face, which ends with movable, fully devoid of wool, filled with lips. The fur bear long, usually black or dirty-brown, in the neck of the animal, often forms the likeness of the mund. Bear Bear-Gubacha has a light spot. The habitat of this type of bears is India, some areas of Pakistan, Bhutan, the territory of Bangladesh and Nepal.

• Giant panda (bamboo bear) ( Ailuropoda Melanoleuca.)

This type of bears has a massive, squat body, which is covered with a dense, thick fur of black and white color. Paws are short, thick, with sharp claws and absolutely devoid of wool pads: This allows the pandas to hold the smooth and slippery bamboo stems. The structure of the front paws of these bears is very unusually developed: five ordinary fingers complement the large sixth, although it is not a real finger, but is a modified bone. Such amazing paws allow panda to be easily controlled with the finest bamboo shoots. A bamboo bear in the mountainous regions of China lives, especially large populations live on Tibet and Sichuan.

A well-known beast is distributed almost throughout the northern hemisphere, a symbol of power, strength, hero of many fairy tales and legends.

Systematics

Latin name - Ursus Arctos

English name - Brown Bear.

Detachment - predatory (Carnivora)

Family - Bear (Ursidae)

Rod - Bears (URSUS)

Nature of nature

The brown bear at present the disappearance does not threaten, with the exception of some subspecies living in Western Europe and in the south of North America. In these places, animals are protected by law. Where the beast is numerous, limited hunting is allowed.

View and man

For a long time, the bear occupies the imagination of people. Because of the manners often climb the bear's rear paws with more than any other animal, it looks like a person. "The owner of the forest" - so it is usually important. Bear is a character of many fairy tales, there are many sayings and proverbs about it. In them, most often this beast appears as good-natured slaughter, a little silly solo, ready to protect the weak. Respectful-indulgent attitude to this animal is seen from folk titles: "Mikhail Potapych", "Toptygin", "Kosolapiy" .... The fact that man himself can be both a flattering for him ("Sillar, like a bear") and a derogatory ("clumsy, like a bear").

The bear is very common as a stamp figure, this is a symbol of strength, tricks and ferocity in the defense of the Fatherland. Therefore, he is depicted on the coat of arms of many cities: Perm, Berlin, Bern, Ekaterinburg, Novgorod, Norilsk, Syktyvkar, Khabarovsk, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Yaroslavl and others.

Distribution area and habitat

The scope of the brown bear is very extensive, covers the entire forest and forested zone of Eurasia and North America, in the north stretches to the border of forests, in the south of mountain areas, comes to small and front Asia, Tibet, Korea. Currently, the area of \u200b\u200bthe form, once solid, significantly decreased to more or less large fragments. The beast disappeared on the Japanese Islands, in the Atlas Mountains in the North-West Africa, for the most of the Iranian Highlands, on the extensive central plain in North America. In Western and Central Europe, this species remained only in small mountain areas. On the territory of Russia, the distribution area is changed to a lesser extent, the beast is still common in the forests of Siberia and Far East, in the Russian north.

Brown bear is a typical forest inhabitant. Most often, it is found in the extensive taiga arrays, abounding by Bourgear, moss swamps and dismembered by rivers, and in the mountains - gorges. The preference of the beast gives forests with dark rocks - fir, fir, cedar. In the mountains, he lives among wide forests, or in the archevniks.

Appearance and morphology

Brown bear is a very large massive beast, one of the largest land predators. Within the family, the brown bear is inferior in size only white. The largest of the brown bears live in Alaska, they are called codeaki, the body length of codeak reaches 250 cm, height in the withers 130 cm, weight up to 750 kg. Only a little inferior to them in the sizes of bears living in Kamchatka. In the middle lane of Russia, the weight of "typical" bears is 250-300 kg.

A brown bear is generally proportionally, a massive species give it a thick fur and slowness of movements. The head of this beast is heavy, labored, not so elongated like white. Lips, like nose, black, eyes are small, deeply planted. The tail is very short, entirely hidden in the fur. Claws are long, up to 10 cm, especially on the front paws, but few are bent. Fur is very thick and long, especially in animals living in the northern part of the range. Coloring usually drowned, but different animals can vary from almost black to straw yellow.

From the senses of the brown bear, the smell is best developed, the hearing is weaker, and the vision is bad, so that they are almost and not guided by the beast.

Lifestyle and social organization

Brown bears, unlike whites, most of them are trembling. Everyonean individual plot engaged in one beast can be quite extensive, and cover the area to several hundred square meters. km. The boundaries of the plots are meaningful, and in a strong rough terrain there are practically absent. Plots of males and females overlap. Within the site there are places where the beast is usually fed, where there is temporary asylum or lies in the berry.

In places of constant habitat of bears, their regular movements on the site are indicated by well-visible paths. They look like human paths, only unlike them along the bear trails on the branches are often hanging blinds of bearish wool, and on the trunks of particularly notable trees there are bearish labels - snacks of teeth and bark, encouraged by claws at that height, to which the beast can reach. Such marks show other bears that the site is busy. Trails are associated between themselves, where the bear is guaranteed to find food. Bears are paving them at the most convenient places, choosing the shortest distance between the objects significant for themselves.

A settling lifestyle does not prevent the bear to make seasonal nomads to the place where the food is currently more accessible. In the lack of years in search of the burden, the Bear is able to pass 200-300 km. In the flat taiga, for example, summer, the animals are spent on the glades overgrown with high-level, early autumn are tightened to the marshes, which attracts ripened cranberries. In the mountainous regions of Siberia, they at the same time are moved to the Goltz zone, where the abundance of cedar stabel nuts and cedar berries are found. On the Pacific coast during the mass movement of red fish, the beasts from afar come to the mouths of the rivers.

The characteristic feature of the brown bear, peculiar and males, and females, - Winter sleep in Berorog. Berlogs are located in the most secluded places: on small islands among the moss marshes, among the burvero or dense meal. Bears arrange them most often under the palp trees and decks, under the roots of large cedars and fir trees. Earth burgots are dominated in mountain locations, which are located in the crevices of rocks, shallow caves, deepening under the stones. From the inside of Berloga, it is very careful - the beast sweeps the bottom of moss, branches with a cheese, bunches of dry grass. Where there is little suitable places for wintering, for many years in a row of Berlogs form real "bearish towns": for example, 26 Berlogov found on Altai on a segment of 10 km long.

In different places bears sleep in winter from 2.5 to 6 months. In warm edges, with abundant yields, the bears for all winter do not run in the Berlry, and only from time to time under adverse conditions for several days plunge into sleep. Bears are sleeping by one, only females who have cubs-flying, fit together with their bearings. During sleep, if the beast is disturbed, it is easily awakened. Often the bear himself leaves Berloga with long thaws, returning to it at the slightest cold.

Food and Feed Behavior

Brown bear is a real omnivorous animal who eats more vegetable than animal feed. The hardest thing to feed the bear in early springWhen vegetable food is completely insufficient. At this time of the year, he hunts on large hoofs, eats Padal. Then he rolls the anthills, mining the larvae and the ants themselves. From the beginning of the appearance of greenery and before the mass maturation of various berries, the bear is most of the time on "bearish pastures" - forest glades and meadows, joining the umbrella (Borshchevik, Dudnik), Osay, Drama. From the second half of the summer, when the berries begin to sleep, the bears in the entire forest zone are moving to food: first blueberries, raspberries, blueberries, honeysuckle, later lingonberry, cranberries. The autumn period is most important to prepare for winter - the time of eating trees fruit. In the middle lane, these are acorns, laundry nuts, in the taiga - cedar nut, in the mountain southern forests - wild apples, pears, cherry, pinway. The favorite food of the bear is early in autumn - sleeping oats.

Hiding grass in the meadow, the bear peacefully "grazing" with hours, like a cow or horse, or collects the stalks you liked the front paws and sends them to the mouth. Climbing on the fruiting trees, this slast threatens the branches, fruit fruits in place, or resets them down, sometimes just shakes the crown. Less clever animals graze under the trees, picking up the fallen fruits.

The brown bear willingly dig in the ground, getting juicy rhizomes and soil invertebrates, turns over the stones, removing and drinking worms, beetles and other animals from under them.

Bears living in rivers from the Pacific coast, - avid fishermen. During the move of red fish, they are collected from the focate. Passening the Fishing Bear comes on the belly in the water and a strong fast blow of the front paw throws onto the shore of the flooded fishery.

Large empty-deer, elk - a bear grinds, completely silently seeding to the victim from a leeward side. The roe is sometimes pushed in the ambush at the trail or water. His attack is rapidly and almost irresistible.

Reproduction and cultivation of offspring

The marriage season begins in May-June. At this time, the males pursue females, roar, fiercely fighting, sometimes fatal. At this time, they are aggressive and dangerous. The formed pair goes together for about a month, and if a new applicant appears, it will distinguish not only the male, but also a female.

Bear (usually 2) Rail in Berorga in January, weigh only about 500 g, covered with rare wool, with eyes closed and ears. Clear holes are scheduled for the end of the second week, after another 2 weeks open their eyes. All his first 2 months of life, they lie under the side of the mother, moving very little. Sleep at the Mesman is not deep, because she needs to be care for cubs. By the time of the exit from the Berls of the Bear reaches the size of a small dog, weigh from 3 to 7 kg. Dairy feeding lasts until six months, but at 3 months old, young animals begin to gradually master her plant food, imitating mother.

The entire first year of the life of the bear remains with the mother, spending another winter with her in Beror. In 3-4 years of age, young bears become half-arms, but complete heyday reach only at the age of 8-10 years.

Life expectancy

In nature, about 30 years, in captivity they live to 45-50 years.

Animal content in the Moscow Zoo

Brown bears are contained in the zoo since the year of its foundation - 1864. Until recently, they lived on the "island of animals" (new territory) and in the children's zoo. A bear from the children's zoo in the early 1990s brought as a gift to the first president of Russia B.N. Heltsin Governor of the Primorsky Krai. The president prudently did not keep the "this little animal" at home, but handed over to the zoo. When the first reconstruction was going, the bear temporarily left Moscow, stayed in another zoo, and then returned. Now there is a second reconstruction, and the bear left Moscow again, this time in the Zoo of the Great Ustyug, where it will remain constantly.

Currently, in the zoo, one brown bear who lives on the "Island of the Beasts". This is an elderly female of Kamchatka subspecies, classic brown color, very large. All winter she sleeps tightly in her burgher, despite the noisy life of the metropolis. The winter "apartment" helps to equip people: the bottom of "Berlogs" is lined with coniferous branches, over - perina from the hay. Before you sleep the bears and in nature, and in the zoo eating a cheva - a bactericidal tube is formed in the intestines. Wake up the beasts may rather no noise, but long warming, as happened in the winter of 2006-2007.

Conditions of unbeasies Brown bears transfer well, but, of course, they miss, because in nature they are maintained in search and eating food, which do not have to do in the zoo. Mandatory attributes in bearish aviary - trees trunks. Bears fighting their claws, leaving their labels, try to look for the crust and in the wood in the wood, finally play small logs. And from boredom, bears begin to interact with visitors. For example, our bear sits on the hind legs, and the front begins to wave people. Everyone around is rejoicing and throwing a wide variety of items in the aviary, most often food. Something of the abandoned is eaten, something is just sniffing - an animal is satisfied. Scientists believe that the bear thus does not simply defuses food or makes its medium more diverse, he begins to manage the behavior of visitors: waved - they gave tasty. This removes stress from the content in a small aviary and life on a certain schedule. But still you do not need animals in the zoo feed - their diet is balanced, and much of what we eat is harmful.

Very often in the spring and in the first half of the summer, telephone calls are distributed in the zoo, "people want to attach the bear found in the forest. We urge everyone who saw a bear in the forest - do not take it! Mother is most likely somewhere nearby, she can stand on protecting her cub, and it is very dangerous for you! The kid could drive and adult male, caring for a bear, but never know what causes, besides the death of the Males, a bear could be brought to people. The bear who fell to a person is doomed to be killed, or to spend life in captivity. Bear, who remained in the forest one at the age of 5-6 months (July-August) has a very good chance to survive and live free. Do not deprive him this chance!

An ordinary brown bear is a predatory mammal family of bear. This major predator is considered one of the most dangerous. There are about 20 subspecies that are distinguished by the habitat and appearance.

Appearance

All subspecies of the brown bear have a well-developed powerful body, have a rather large head with small eyes and rounded ears, and high withers. The tail is untenal (from 6.5 to 21 cm). Strong paws with powerful non-tightening claws up to 10 cm long, five-plated feet, wide enough. Appearance Substitutions varies significantly. The males are about one and a half times more females.

Dimensions

The individuals inhabiting Europe, the smallest, they reach two meters of length, with a mass of 200 kg. Brown bears, inhabitants in the middle strip of Russia, more than 300 kg weigh. The largest - grizzlys and Far Eastern Bears, their length comes to three meters, and the weight reaches 500 kg and more.

Color

What does the Bear look like, what color to its skin depends on the habitat. There are bears from the pale light shade to black with blue. Standard is considered a brown fur color.

In grizzlys living in the Rocky Mountains, white back wool on the tips, which creates a grayish tint. Fully grayish color in brown bears living in the Himalayas, and in Syria inhabiting in Syria - bright, brown-red skin.

Line brown bears once a year, from spring and to autumn. Spring often spring link and autumn. Spring molting most intensively passes during the gone and lasts for quite a long time. Autumn proceeds almost imperceptibly and ends by the time the winter hook of bears begins.

Life expectancy

The lifespan of the bear directly depends on the conditions in which it lives. How many years do Bears live? Average life expectancy in wildlife Under favorable conditions, it is 20-30 years.

How many years live brown bear in captivity? With good care, brown bears achieve age 45-50 years.

Subspecies

Population differences at the brown bear are very high, and before they were subdivided into many separate species. Today, all the browns combined in one species, with several subspecies. Consider the most common.

European (Eurasian) brown

Large powerful animal with a strongly pronounced hump.

Main characteristics:

• body length - 150-250 cm;
• mass - 150-300 kg;
• height in the withers - 90-110 cm.

Fur from yellowish gray to dark brown, rather long and thick.

Caucasian brown

There are two forms of this subspecies - big and small.

Big Caucasian:

• body Length - 185-215 cm;
• mass - 120-240 kg.

Small Caucasian:

• body length - 130-140 cm;
• mass - no more than 65 kg.

This subspecies combines exterior signs Syrian and European bears. Short coarse wool from a light yellowish shade to brownish gray. In the region of the withers there is a dark spot.

Siberian brown

One of the largest subspecies.

Its dimensions:

• body length - 200-250 cm;
• mass - 300-400 kg.

It has a large head, long and soft shiny wool from light brown to brown-brown. Some individuals in the color occurs a yellowish or black shade.

Ussuriy Brown

Also known as Asian Black Grizzly or Amur.

• length - up to 2 m;
• mass - 300-400 kg.

It is highlighted by a developed skull with an elongated nose and very dark, almost black skin. Long wool on round ears will also allow it to distinguish it from other subspecies.

Far Eastern (Kamchatka) brown

The largest subspecies found in Russia.

Its dimensions:

• length - up to 2.5 m;
• weight - 350-450 kg. Some males reach 500 kg or more.

This subspecies have a massive head with a rather short nose and raised over it with a wide front part, small rounded ears. Dense, long and soft wool from fawn to blacknate-brown color. Claws dark up to 10 cm.

Habitat

Brown bear inhabits almost all forest zone from the west of Russia and forests of the Caucasus to Pacific Ocean. It can also be found in Japan on the island of Hokkaido, in some Asian countries, in Europe, Canada and in the Northwestern States of America.

For life, it chooses forest arrays, with burmorms and shrubs, prefers coniferous forests. May be able to get in the tundra or settle in alpine forests, with a hollow from plants suitable for food.

The habitat is not attached to a specific place, often the place for feeding and the dwelling of the bear is located far from each other and the bear has to perform large transitions during the day.

Habits and lifestyles

Brown bear - loner. The males live apart, and the females are growing cubs. Each adult has its own territory, the size of which can reach several hundred square kilometers. The males "own" a much larger territory than females. The boundaries of the territory are marked with scratches on the trees and the smell of the host.

Bear habits are typical for a predator. During the day, as a rule, animals rest, choosing secluded plots among grass or shrub. In search of food are chosen in the morning or in the evening. Despite the weak eyesight, the bears are perfectly oriented with the help of smelling and hearing.

Despite the impressive dimensions and apparent badness, it is a rather clever and fast animal, capable of climbing trees, swim and run at a speed of up to 60 km / h.

Food

The diet of the brown bear is very diverse, because they eat almost everything bears. Its main diet consists of vegetable food: berries, nuts, acorns, stems, tubers and root parts of plants. If possible, it does not miss the case of taking off to the fields to enjoy oats and corn. Also uses various insects, frogs, lizards and rodents.

Adults are hunting for young salts, lins, deer, roe deer and boars. A major predator is capable of a breakdown of the paws to break the back of its prey, then hides a carcass, fading with her with a twig, and worst, until he is completely eaten. For the Far Eastern brown, the main diet in the summer-autumn period is salmon going to spawning.

With an insufficient feed base, the bears often ruin the apiary and attack livestock.

These animals are distinguished by amazing memory. Finding mushrooms or berries that bears eat in the forest, remember the places and then easily find the way to them. The lifespan of the brown bear in the wild largely depends on the full nutritional nutrition.

Reproduction

How do bears multiplied? The marriage starts from May and lasts a couple of months. Gon is actively accompanied by fights between males and roar. After 6-8 months, bearings are born. There are cubs to light in the middle of winter, when the bear is hibernated.

Young are born weight of only 400-500 gr., Blind, with rare wool. As a rule, in the litter 2-4 bear bed. More than a year after birth, they feed on maternal milk, but immediately after leaving the Berloga, the mother begins to teach them to various food.

Bear with mother live three or four years, then separated and begin to live independently. The female sexual maturity is achieved on the third or fourth year, males develop for 1-2 years longer.

Slotch

From the middle of the summer and the entire autumn bears are actively preparing for hibernation, intense and accumulating fat. The hibernate of the bear is different from the hook of other mammals, it is not anabyosis, but simply deep sleepin which neither breathing nor the pulse of the animal does not change. The bear in the hibernation does not flow into full chat.

Preparation

Asylums for the winter are arranged in deaf and dry places, under the roots of trees or under Bulch. Kosolapiy can dig up the berloga independently, and it can take a cleft in the mountains or a small cave. Pregnant females shut off the spacious and deep berlogue, insulating it from the inside moss, foliage and spruce branches.

One-year-old bearings always spend the winter in the maternal belarus, and two-year-old climbs are often joined to them. Adults are located in Berloga one by one.

Duration of hibernation

How much is the bear sleeping? It all depends on weather conditions and other factors, the brown can be in hibernation and until six months.

The hook of the bear in winter and its duration depend on the weather, age, gender, the state of health and the number of fat arrived during the summer-autumn period. So, for example, the old and fastened enough fat fi helps in hibernation long before the snow cover loss, and young individuals go to Berloga only in November or in December. Pregnant females are comfortable for wintering.

Bear rod

The connecting rod is called an animal that did not have time to accumulate the required amount of fat, because of which it can not heal in the hibernation, and forced all winter to look for me impregnation.

What is dangerous Bear Shatun? In severe frosts, with a sharp lack of food, the rods are often chosen to settlements in search of edible. It is known not one case of the attack of the connecting rod on domestic animals and even per person.

Video

In America there is a legend that in Russia on the roads bears go. You can agree with this opinion, since in some areas of Russia you can still meet the bear waged on the streets of the city. However, this happens more and less often, the bears are becoming less and the same, besides, they are afraid of people and avoid their habitats.

Currently this symbol of Russia Located under protection, since its population has decreased significantly and is under threat of extinction.

Where the brown bears live

Brown bears The most common in the expanses of Russia, no wonder they are its symbol. However, the territory of Russia is not the only habitat of these beautiful powerful animals. Brown bears are common as well as on the expanses of Alaska and Canada, in Europe (mountain areas) are found in Japan and Asia countries.

Most large representatives This species live in Kamchatka and in Alaska. The weight of an adult male in those areas often reaches more than 700 kilograms, and sometimes exceeds 1000 kilograms.

The smallest representatives of the family of bearish, live in the European part of the Earth weighing up to 500 kilograms, in Russia there are average instances of about 600 kilograms.

Growth, adult bear, if he stands on the hind paws, sometimes reaches 3 meters, height in the withers on average from the meter to one and a half. The males are usually two times larger and harder females.

The brown bear color depends on its habitat and has many shades from golden to silver or black.
Bears prefer to settle in forest bowls, leaving more open areas in search of food.

Features of the brew bear

Bear Animal is not whitewash, it's easier omnivorous. Most often, the bear eats vegetable food: herbs, roots, berries, nuts, cereals. Bears do not discern to enjoy insects, larvae or ants, small rodents, can also become the prey of the hosts of Taiga.

In the spring, in the period of spawning, it is often possible to observe bears - fishermen. Extremely rarely, bears are engaged in hunting on larger animals, various representatives of man-fate, wolves, and domestic cattle. It happens in hungry years, when other food is difficult to find.

Features reproduction of brown bear

Bears in its essence - loners, a joint living in bears is not observed. After the marriage period, females are engaged in bearings, males live their lives. The marriage of bears passes from May to June, accompanied by fierce battles between rivals, in the fight for the female. Often, one of the males dies, and the winner eats it.

Falling the female usually spends with several males, the development of pregnancy occurs after the female of the female in the hibernation lasts six to eight months. Bear is born in the berry, in the amount of two or three young.

The first time the bearings do not see anything and do not hear, after about 14 days there are rumors and a month later, the bearish begins to see. Three months after the birth of kids, they begin to leave the burgoot. Milk of the Bear feeds kids until they reach the age of 1.5 -2. Next to the mother of the bear can live up to four years.

The Mesman gives birth around every two years, sometimes once every four years.

Life expectancy of brown bear

The average life expectancy of the brown bear in the wild reaches 25-35 years, in captivity there was that bears lived for 50 years.

In general, life expectancy depends on the conditions and environment of the animal.

Choosing Berloga and Winter Hib

To the choice of places for the burgodies, the bear is thorough. The place must be quiet, calm, safe. In Berorga - dry, warm, cozy. Paul Berlogogo Bear carefully lays moss. Outside masks a dwelling with dry branches. Having found a good burgrel, the bear does not change it over the years.

Preparing for the winter hibernation, the bear thoroughly confuses the traces, up to the fact that it goes backward. The hook continues from October to April. Wake up a bear in hibernation is very easy, as they continue to save sensitivity, even during sleep. During hibernation, the body temperature at the beast decreases, which allows you to maintain energy reserves for a long time. After hibernation, the weight of the animal is reduced by 70-80 kilograms.

If the year was hungry, and the bear did not have enough stocks for the whole period of hibernation, he can wake up ahead of time and go to search for food. Such bears are called rods. Also, a bear, worried in his bedroom, can wake up to search for a new safer burgold.

Brown Bear Video

If you like our site, tell us about your friends!

Brown bears choose space for constant habitat in direct dependence on the abundance of feed in the territory and how often the site is visited by people. Placement of bears in the active (not banging) period of life unite some common features. First, none of the habitats are used throughout the active period. For mountain areas, the migration of bears in high-altitude belts, depending on the season, and the southern slopes for animals are much more attractive than northern. Bears prefer to river valleys and the higher the preference than the poorer the vegetation of the area. Brown bears do not like the plains and places that are often visited by people. By the fall, the beasts are striving for places, more richly embodimed feeds.Only a very large harvest of berries can attract brown bears intundra and timber zone in the European part of the country. In forests European partfor beasts are attractive to Elniki and Pihtachi and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests of a large area. Southern areas attract forest owners with broad and dark-and-wide forests, small forests them are not as interesting.For bears, forests rich in teen and shrubs are most suitable. Open places (Pine bours - Yagelniki, Clean Bereznyaki and Osinniki) can only interest them with a large harvest of berries. Young, closed forests are chosen by the beast for lying, but not for feeding.Attractive for forest owners floodplains forest rivers, streams and shores of lakes rich in juicy herbal vegetation, berry shrubs, etc. There bears spend a spring-summer period. Cutting and Gary they bypass the party, but are interested in a young piglery. Big treats for brown bears are distant from settlements Fields seeded by oats, peas or perennial herbs.

Caucasian brown bears dwell mostly in a mountain forest belt, most often in chestnut, chestnut-oak and oak forests. Late spring, most of the beasts rises to a height of one and a half thousand meters, in search of the corpses of the tours of the tours in avalanches. In the beech forests, the bears feed on the beech nuts, and it keeps the beasts on the border of the Tayan of the snow. In the summer, most of the animals remain in high mountainous areas, but some of them descend into lowland forests, feeding with ripened fruits on fruit trees. In September, all the animals are concentrated in beech, chestnut and oak forests.

In Altai Bears are most closely living in highly erased black taiga, darkened cedar forests and alpine highlands. Poor feed and poorly protected pine and mixed forests In the north and northwest, the Altai Bears are avoided. With the beginning of summer, the beasts are moved to the subalpine forest, where they remain until the fall. The south-eastern part of the Altai is distinguished by unusual habitat of the bears: the terrain is deprived of not only the forests, but also shrubs, and herbal cover is strongly embarrassed by cattle. And here the vegetarian diet of bears is inferior to the animal food. They hunt for Surkov, Suslikov, food and pick up the fallen domestic animals.

In Western and Central Siberia, the bears hold the taiga forests rich in cedar. Such forests are especially attractive for them in the fall, during the ripening and fastening of nuts. Less interesting for animals floodplain fir-fir forests, it depends on the crop of berries here. And they are completely unattractive, rare-resistant: larchs, spruce and pinemas located on watersheds.

In Baikaliain the spring, the beasts often hold to the windy slopes of the mountains and the meadows of the forest belt, in the spring-summer period they attract their shores, and with the arrival of summer, the bears are drawn into places abundant with juicy herbaceous feeds - floodplain forests, swamps, river banks and lakes, gar, cutting and silkcuts. Late in summer, during the ripening of berries, bears are moving into coniferous forests - blueberries, blueberries and brusniks. In the fall, the poor population concentrates closer to the chairs and cedars.

For Yakutia, the concentration of bears is characteristic of river valleys and floodplains, Only occasionally beasts enter the berry tundra. The most tightly animals are collected in the growing zone of the Siberian cedar and cedar squabble. In the northern larchaeons, the beast is small, and in the mountain tundra and rocky deserts are not found at all. In the spring of the teddy bear thawed to warm heated pine manems with cineberries, southern slopes of river valleys and sin sinks, crossed cedar squabbles. As soon as the new herb appears, go to the floodplains of rivers. Later, from there in the larch forests, they love the ripened blueberries. South, where larch-pine-pine-pine-pine-pine forests and kedrachi, bears prefer them.

For the Khabarovsk Territory, Primorye and the South of the Amur Region, the habitat of bears in cedar-wide forests is characterized. In the central and northern regions of the Amur region, the animals attracts a cedar stabel, which occupies the top belt of the mountains. In the spring, the bears overlook the sea coast and to the foot of the mountains, and as snow come, move in keding and places rich in juicy herbaceous plants. The middle of the summer cares animals on berries and in valleys spawning rivers. And the autumn manits the undergrowth of the cedar staber in cedar-deciduous and large forests.

In the tundra zone of Chukotka, bears focused in the valleys of the mountain riversThose who overgrown with an olchnic shrub of alder, they are interested in the slopes with meadow vegetation, dry thickets of dwarf birch and berry. In the forest and Fierotandra, the beasts accumulate in the floodplains large riversovergrown with currant, rosehip and tail; Larch pleades, Evnyakov, Popole-Choshenias and thickets of cedar staber. But most of all for the brown bears are attractive to the coast of Okhotsk and Bering Seas. On the coast of the Chukotka Sea and the Chukotka Peninsula, they, on the contrary, do not enter at all. Such a strongly do not like the bears open, flat lichen areas, moistened, overgrown with dumps and rare zealous, land.

For Kamchatka, it is characterized by focusing part of bears on the sea coast. The rest of the animals hold in the belt of cedar and olhovy stabes and in the mountain tundra. As soon as the rivers begins to go fish, bears are moved into the floodplain forests and to spawning reservoirs. If the fish is bad, then the ripe berries make animals in coniferous spruce forests. Flat tundra, albeit rich in berries, remains low-reaching for avoiding open space Beasts.

On the Sakhalin, the bears live in spruce-fir-firing and larch forests, according to overgrown beery and bamboo defores and gars.

Kuril ridge. On the island of Paramushir, the bears are found in places that have crushed the cedar-alder staber with Rhododendron. Interesting animals Bamboo forests, thickets of cedar and alder stabilia on the island of ITUURUP. On the island of Kunashir, they are mounted by stone-eater bamboo and fir-fir forests, cedar and alder stabel.