The main spawn river for the sevryptus is 4 letters. Useful properties of semen

05.04.2020

Glycemic index (GI) – 0.

Calorie - 160 kcal.

Severgue refers to the sturgeon family. Large individuals can reach up to 5 meters, weigh 50 kg and reach the age of 30 years. The fishery usually meet no more than 1.5 meters, which weigh 5-6 kg. This slave lives in the seas, only for throwing caviar goes into river pools. Wides in black, Caspian, the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov. Actively grown by artificial way. For mining among sturgeon ranks first.

Useful properties of semen

Severish meat is rich in protein and fatty acids of Omega-3 and Omega-6. Contains a lot of collagen, which is perfectly absorbed by the body and saturates with the useful substances.

The seven has a rich mineral composition: fluorine, iodine, phosphorus (220 mg), magnesium, zinc, potassium (335 mg), chlorine (165 mg), sulfur (169 mg), etc. Vitamins: RR, A, D, group in E. Unlike other sturgeon has high dietary properties. There is a presence large number Protein fibers and low fat content.

As the seven affects the body

Despite the sufficiently large amount of fats, it has a small indicator of energy value, so it is useful for people who want to lose weight. The use of this fish contributes to the weight gain during obesity, reduces the risk of the diseases of the cardiovascular system.

The beneficial effect has a nervous system, strengthens the walls of the vessels, increases their elasticity. Activates the work of the brain, stimulates the immune system. It is the prevention of cancer. Normalizes pressure, improves mental processes. It has anti-inflammatory properties.

How to choose the sore

Fish comes in a frozen and chilled. Buying a fresh product, make sure the fish: no eyes, mucus, unpleasant odor. It is in demand mostly hot and cold smoked bali.

By purchasing smoked semen, make sure the integrity of the Intercession: without scratches and scratches. The color must be homogeneous and without spots. The surface is shiny, smooth. If there are white spots, it indicates the possibility of a poor-quality cooking process and it is better not to take such a fish. The smell should be bright and juicy, if weak - the goods were stamped and non-freight.

Storage methods

Fresh fish at a temperature of -5 o C can be in a cooled form no more than 2 days. Frozen - up to 6 months.

What is combined in cooking

Sevryuga has gentle and fragrant meat. It is baked, stewed in broth, cream, fault. It combines well with a mushroom and vegetable side dish, with mustard, tomato sauces, mayonnaise and fruit. Prepared in the onion and cheese fill.

Useful combination of products

Observing the principles of proper nutrition, the benefit will bring steam, boiled or baked seven. For broth, the mandatory component will be a bay leaf, root parsley, carrots, black pea pepper, cumin, onions. For baking, it is good to use spicy greens, garlic, hops-Sunnels and other spices.

For those who wish to reduce the weight will benefit vegetable soups on the broth of the Seresryugi, and it is better to use stewed and boiled vegetables on the side dish.

Contraindications

There may be restrictions in individual intolerance. Serevuli caviar is not recommended for hypertension, gout, ischemic heart disease.

Application in medicine and cosmetology

For medical purposes from the Swimming bubble, the sevryfi produces glue, which is used in surgical operations for seamless compound organic tissues. This is a natural product that is not toxic and does not cause allergies.

Meat of this fish is recommended for nutrition in the postoperative period, for rehabilitation and rapid recovery after the diseases suffered. To raise immunity, increasing potency, during disorders nervous system, hypertension, diabetes mellitus. In order to prevent heart disease, vessels.

Sereviruchi caviar is perfect with a reduced hemoglobin level, reduces the risk of malignant tumors, is useful for vision.

The cosmetology uses creams and masks, which include caviar of this fish.

Sturgee species of fish are distinguished by what they live in a salty, sea waterAnd they are sent to spawning into a river with fresh water or to other reservoirs. At the same time, it should be noted that sturgeon have no large-sized representatives, a length of 30 to 100 cm and weighing half aologram to 5 kg, as well as representatives growing up to 10 meters long, with weight of about 3 tons. Falls of sturgeon fish species in our time is a serious fishery that achieves large volumes. Because of this, the population of these species of fish is constantly decreasing, and some of the species to catch is prohibited at all. Sturgeon are appreciated due to tasty and valuable meat, as well as caviar.

The family of sturgeon fish is distinguished by an elongated body shape, on which there are 5 rows of solid bone spikes. Two rows are located on the belly, two on the sides and one row on the back, and in the interval between them there are bone protective plates.

A sturgeon is characterized by a cone-shaped, somewhat elongated fish, in the form of a shovel. From the bottom side is the mouth, with fleshy lips and four mustache. The structure of the jaw is characterized by a retractable form on which the teeth are missing.

The chest fin differs in the shape of the "barbs" with a thickening, and the dorsal fin moves a slightly back. The swimming bubble is associated with the esophagus and is located below the spine. The fish skeleton is characterized by a cartilage, invertebrate structure in the form of chord. The membranes of 4 gills are connected in the throat area. In addition, there are 2 more apparent gills.

Almost all types of sturgeon, before the process of ikrometania, are moved to non-high depths of freshwater reservoirs. Sturgeon is quite prolific, since adults are capable of postpone up to 1 million eggs. Basically spawning occurs in the spring. Some types of sturgeon not only spawn in fresh waters, but quite often they will be survived in winter. Sturgeon prefer the bottom lifestyle, feeding with worms, petty fish, insects, as well as mollusks.

Sturder types of fish, or rather, about 20 species belong to long-livers, since they can live to 100 years, although this concerns only one species. The duration of the life of other species does not exceed 60 years. The period of half-capacity in many species occurs in different periods, depending on the conditions of the existence and the presence of a feed base. Some of the species begin to throw caviar at the age of 15. Wherein:

Females ripen aged 10-12 years.
Males ready for fertilization, starting from 7 years of age.

Sturgeon belongs to the types of fish that grow rapidly and quickly gain weight. In the rivers, Don and Dnipro sturgeon ripen somewhat faster than representatives living in the Volga. It is not surprising because the climate is somewhat colder on the Volga.

Every year only sterling is postponed, and the remaining species do not differ in such a feature and can throw cavo in a year, or even two. Caviar they dreamed in the spring-summer period in fresh rivers, distinguished by the rapid flow. A sturgeon caviar is characterized by high adhesiveness, therefore, it is firmly held on pebbles and other stone rocks.

Ferry sturgeon, appearing on the light, are in the yolk bubble than they feed in the first days until this bag disperses. After that, they proceed to self-search for food. Sometimes they are delayed in the places of appearance on the light, but mostly they roll into the sea. Fuel dietforces consists of zooplankton, after the completion of a certain period, a little matured, their diet consists of:

From misid.
From chiromid.
From gammaride.

But, as for the fry of Beluga, they appear on the light without having a yellow bubble and immediately begin to search for themselves. Practically until the heating age is sturgeon developing in salted, sea water. There are 2 varieties of sturgeon: winter and spring. Recent views come in the river in the spring, before the start of the ikrometania, and the first species enters the river in the fall, winter in these water bodies and in the spring are postponed by caviar.

Classification of sturgeon fish species

Two types of sturgeon families distinguish:

Skafirina.
Sturgeon.

Previously, there were more than 20 species of fish, which met in the waters of America, Europe and Asia. Unfortunately, in our time, the sturgeon population has a slightly fewer species, not more than 20.

List of sturgeon fish species with photos and names

Sturgeon occupy a special niche in fishery. Nowadays it is worth paying attention to some representatives of this family, which represent commercial interest. The most popular and in demand are the following species.

This is the most ancient representative of the sturgeon family, besides the biggest. Beluga is able to live for about 100 years, stretched at the length of up to 10 meters and gaining weight in 3 tons. Beluga's body seems to the torpedo and are protected by 5 rows of protective plates. It is white below, and from above - gray. The mouth is located at the bottom of the head and has a gray-shaped form. There are also a mustache that helps fish to navigate in space and look for food. Females are distinguished by large sizes, compared with the males. Decorate Caviar once every 2-3 years. This is a predatory fish, the diet of which consists of bulls, Anchovs, Vobly, herring and other fish.

Refers to freshwater fish of the genus Belug and can grow up to 5 and a half meters long and gaining weight up to 1 ton. Kaluga has a relatively big mouth. Distinguish Kaluga fast-growing, liman and passing. To a greater extent, this fish is found in basins of rivers such as Amur, Sungari, Shilka and Arguni.

This fish is characterized by a spind-like body shape, which ends with a stupid muzzle. At the ends of the mouth are a mustache. Belly from Russian sturgeon white, sides are gray-brown, and a spin of dark gray. It can grow up to 3 and a half meters long and weigh up to 120 kg. May live for almost 60 years. In the natural habitat, this fish can create a penetration with Blug, sterling, the sorry and spike. In fact, it happens quite rarely, but the hybrids still come across. Habitat is the Black Sea, the Caspian and Azov Sea.

It grows up to one and a half meters long and gain weight up to 4.5 kg. It has a flat and pretty long tail with bone fins. It has a large swimming bubble and small eyes. Basically, it is found in the Amudarya River basin.

On the body of this fish there are numerous bone plates and fulkras. There is no teeth, with the mouth of the retractable, and there are 4 mustle in front. Inhabits this fish pools of rivers such as Ob, Yenisei, Kolyma and Lena. Siberian Siberian lives for almost 50 years, growing up to 3 and a half meters long and gaining weight of about 150 kg. Spawn in July. The diet includes organisms living on the bottom of the reservoirs: mollusks, larvae chiromeid and multi-art worms. In other words, this fish leads the bottom lifestyle.

It has a classic appearance inherent in sturgeon. There are 5 rows of bone spikes on the body. Habitat - pools of the Aralsky, Caspian, Azov and Black Seas.

Habitat common with such a representative of a sturgeon family like spike. At the same time, the naval and wintering seven. The characteristic features of the body structure are: weakly developed lower jaw, convex forehead, long nose, smooth and thin mustache. Almost the whole body is covered with protective bone plates. The stomach at the Sevruck is white, and the sides and the back of blue-black. It can grow long to 6 meters and weigh the order of 60 kg.

This is the smallest representative of this family, as no more than 120 cm increases, with a weight of 20 kg. The fish is distinguished by the presence of long mustache, which reach the mouth and narrow, but elongated nose. At the same time, the lower lip is divided into 2 parts, and on the sides the body is covered with solid shields. The same shields protect the fish and from the back. Depending on the habitat room, the sterlet may be different in different color, although its main coloring page is a yellow-white belly and gray-brown back. All fins have a gray shade. Distinguish the sterlet sharp and stupid. Habitat - Northern regions of Siberia.

It is believed that sturgeon types of fish are a delicious fish, characterized by special taste. It is sold in the fresh, live, in frozen, smoked and chilled. Sturgeon serve as the source product for the preparation of bald and various canned food. Sale of sturgeon, in salt form, is prohibited, since the meat of sturgeon detected a pathogenic anaerob - botulinus, which is a source of sharp poisoning.

In antiquity, the red fish was only sturgeon species of fish, such as Beluga, sterlet, seven, and sturgeon. Moreover, they called it red, not because she had a pink shade of meat, and for the beautiful taste and very useful caviar. Nowadays, the status of red fish is more fixed behind salmon fish species. Therefore, salmon, pink salmon and Ketu is also called red fish. Most likely, this is due to the fact that salmon in our time remains much more, compared with sturgeon.

Sturgeon have their own characteristic trading and culinary classification, depending on the habitat. The first group includes types of sturgeon, which are found in the Black and Caspian seas. The first category includes: Beluga, sterlet, spike, sturgeon and seven. The second category includes salmon, type trout, humpbacks or kats. The last group includes salmon with white meat, such as Kizhuh, Belorybits, Nelma and Tymen.

Red fish is valued for a large assortment of nutrients in meat. These are the vitamins of the group "A", "B", "E", "RR" and "D", as well as minerals, such as zinc, phosphorus, calcium, fluorine and iodine. In addition, this is not a complete list. But the most important advantage is the presence of fatty acids in meat in meat, such as Omega-3. Due to this acid, the operation of the central nervous system is improved, immunity increases, memory is improved, etc.

Scientists have proven that the category of people who regularly use red fish are less susceptible to the manifestations of depression, as well as the risks of the appearance of hypertension or oncology they decrease 3 times. Therefore, in our time, some types of both sturgeon and salmon is imposed a ban on commercial fishing. Their deals are allowed only on special licenses. This also applies to amateur fishing. For unauthorized catch, serious fines are imposed. Unfortunately, poachers do not stop these measures.

Sevryuga ( Acipenser Stellatus.) Located in the Red Book of IUCN in the status of "View on the verge of extinction"

The propagation area of \u200b\u200bthe Severilians: Caspian, Black, Azov and Adriatic (rarely) of the sea, and she is part of the river - Volga, Ural, Terek, Kuru, Don, Kuban. The Serry has a very characteristic appearanceThanks to a highly elongated form of a shed, the length of which is about 60% of the entire length of the head. Her mustache is short, without a fringe. The body, like all sturgeon, is covered with bugs, but the distance between them is filled with special light, star-shaped, plates.

Leonid Pavlovich Sabaneyev (famous Russian zoologist, naturalist and a large experts of fish) wrote about the Serery. This: "Her forehead is quite convex, the mustache is smooth and narrow, not reaching the mouth, on which the lower lip is poorly developed; It is also stretched in length and all bugs on the body are quite closely; The spinal (12-18) and side (30-40) to the rear end rise and are elongated in hooked processes; Abdominal bugs (10- 12) are relatively highly developed.

Fitting - fast and frisky fish. Although it is compared with a stick and a nail, but this narrow-old pointed fish is still enough an insterprise: it weighs up to 70 kilograms. Its dimensions are also not small - up to 2 meters and more. The age of sexual ripening of seven - 5 - 12 years. By the time of ripening, its weight is 5-10 kilograms. "

The limit dimensions that this species reached in the past, in ancient residues are 270 cm; In the twentieth century, the largest instance of the Serevuli had a length of 218 cm and a mass of 54 kg. Like all sturgeon, the seven is a long-lived, its maximum registered age - 41 years. The main food in the Caspian is the acclimatized multish-minded worm of nonreis, as well as crustaceans. The Azov Severuga is powered by worms, crustaceans (booplas, mealsides), mollusks and petty fish (bulls, hums). The spawning of Sevruffs in the Volga occurs in a wide temperature range - from 12 to 26 ° C. Development of caviar at a temperature of 16 ° C lasts 132 hours, at 23 ° C - 67.5 hours. Sevridge spawn usually on a penetration in places with a rapid flow. She has a period of spawning, it stretches almost for almost all summer, and sometimes it captures May. For the spawning of Sevruy, they are going to flocks, while they are fussy and often jump out of the water. Fruitness of this fish from 20 to 500 thousand eggs. After spawning, adult serylfire and the telessed young people are not delayed in the rivers and roll into the sea. In addition to meat and caviar, the severity is very valued by a swimming bubble, from which high quality glue is obtained.

Building and characteristics

Family sturgeon, it is one of the largest species of fish in aquatic space, sturgeon has an elongated bodycovered with 5 rows of bone spikes: two on the belly, two on the sides and one on the back, between which the bone plates are located.

A sturgeon is a fish with cone-shaped and oblong fish, resembling a shovel. At the bottom of the head there are fleshy mouth of the lips, next to which are four mustache. The jaw has a toothless retractable form.

The chest radiation fin has a big thickening in the shape of the "barbs", the spine fingerly advanced back. The swimming bubble is located at the bottom of the spine, connecting with the esophagus. The bone skeleton has a cartilage and invertebrate structure in the form of chord. The membrane of the four gills is fixed to the zev and are connected on the throat, there are also two apparent gills.

General

As a rule, all the varieties of sturgeon during the throwing of caviar go to shallow water in fresh reservoirs. The population of sturgeon is quite fruitful, so large and adult sturgeon can produce up to 1 million eggs. Most often, spiness passes in spring. It should be noted that some sturgeon, except spawning, are moving into freshwater waters of rivers and for wintering. In most cases, sturgeon dwells on the bottom of the reservoirs, feed on worms, small fish, insects and molluscs.

Paulic ripening

The sturgeon group, the list of which includes approximately 20 species, is usually represented by long-livers. The period of readiness of sturgeon for ikrometania occurs in different ways and depends on the type and place of residence of the fish. Poland, like the growth of sturgeon fish, passes quite slowly. Some sturgeon can multiply only aged 15 years.

The females ripening occurs after 10-20 years;
In males after 7-15 years.

With regard to weight, it can be noted that sturgeon are the fastest growing inhabitants of the rivers. Sexual ripening is faster than achieving sturgeon on the Don and in the Dnieper, much longer than sturgeon living in the Volga.

Throwing caviar

Not all sturgeon females every year rolled the caviar. Every year can multiply only a sterle. Shut off the caviar of sturgeon in spring-summer time in fresh reservoirs with a large flow. Caviar has a sticky shell, so it can be well fixed to pebbles or tiltry.

Fry

Flips that appear from cheeks have a gusty bubble, this is caused by the endogenous period of nutrition. Alone to eat larvae can only by the time the endogenous bag is completely absorbed. At this time, an exogenous nutrition period occurs. After this period, the larvae can be lined in river reservoirs, but most often they go to sea.

The first food for the larvae of the sturgeon is zooplankton, most often, is Daphneia. Then fry begin to eat various races:

misidals;
chironomides;
gammarides.

Exception is only predatory fry Beluga, they do not have a yolk bubble and still during finding in fresh reservoir begin to eat alone. The subsequent development of sturgeon, up to half maturity, passes in marine reservoirs.

The passing types of sturgeon fish are divided into winter and spring varieties. The latter, as a rule, are included in freshwater rivers in the spring. Sleeps of these sturgeon runs almost immediately. Winter sturgeon enter the river at the autumn time, we will lose winter, and spawn in the spring.

Classification of sturgeon fish

Initially, 2 types of sturgeon families were classified:

scaffle;
sturgeon.

In general, all sorts have approximately 20 species of fish that lived only in moderate areas: America, Europe and Asia. But after a time, the population of many sturgeon extinct.

List and photos of popular sturgeon fish

Sturgeon have the greatest popularity in fisheries. Today it is known about 20 species of representatives of these fish. The most popular are so sturgeon.

Beluga - The most ancient view of freshwater sturgeon. The cycle of life of this fish can reach up to 100 years. Beluga can grow up to 10 meters long and have a weight of 3 tons. The body of Beluga shape resembles a torpedo, and covered in 5 rows with bone protective plates, the bottom is white, and from above - gray. At the bottom of the muzzles are the mouth in the form of a sickle and the mustache, which ensure the smell of fish. Females of the biggest males. Beluga is a predatory fish that is powered by, as a rule, by bulls, anchovies, Hamsa, Voblya and Seld. Females lay the caviar in the spring, once every 3-5 years.

Kaluga. This is a freshwater fish of the Belug family. Kaluga size can reach up to 5.5 m, and the body weight is up to one ton. The mouth is served and big. This fish is distributed in the Amur basin, can also meet in Sungari, chille, Arguni. They are distinguished by fast-growing, liman, passing Kaluga.

Russian sturgeon. It has a belief-shaped body shape with a small stupid muzzle. The mustache are at the end of the mouth. As a rule, the Russian sturgeon has a black and gray color from above, brown-gray sides and a white belly. The fish reaches the maximum dimensions of up to 3.5 m and can weigh up to 120 kg. Life cycle reaches up to 60 years. IN natural environment A sturgeon can create a penetration with Blind, sterling, the sorry and spike. This does not happen very often, but these hybrids come across. Habit area: Black, Caspian and Azov seas.

Lopatoos.. Freshwater fish Weighing up to 4.5 kg and up to 140 cm. It is distinguished by a flattened and rather long tail stem with bone plates. The tail thread is either completely absent, the eyes are small, a large swimming bubble. Habitat - Amudarya's tributaries.

Ostr Siberian. The body of this type of sturgeon is covered with multiple bone plates and fulcres, the mouth of the retractable, the teeth are absent. Ahead of the mouth is 4 mustache. Residences: Obi, Yenisei pools, Kolyma and Lena. The sturgeon maximally reaches a length of up to 3.5 m, weighs up to 150 kg, and has a life cycle to 50 years. Spawning, as a rule, occurs in July. The nutrient base of the fish is organisms that live at the bottom of the reservoir: amphipods, mollusks, chironomid larvae and multi-art worms.

Spike. It has external general form For sturgeon. Of the 5 rows of bone spine spines have of 12-16 bugs, abdominal 11-18, side 51-71. At the first gill arc, 22-41 gill stitch. Place Accommodation Pools of the Aralsky, Caspian, Azov and Black Seas.

Stellate sturgeon. Lives in Caspian, black and Azov seas. This type of sturgeon can be Sneakers and Ozimy. For the elongated shape of the body of this fish, the presence of a weakly developed bottom lip, a convex forehead, long nose, smooth and narrow mustache. From above and on the side of the body of sturgeon is tightly covered with bone shields. Boc and back have a blue-black color, and the belly is white. Severy can reach a length of up to 6 m and have weight up to 60 kg.

Sterlet. SAMI small fish Among the sturgeon family, the sterlet can reach a length of up to 1.20 m and have weight up to 20 kg. The fish has a long detergent, reaching the mouth, a narrow elongated nose, a dumped lower lip and sides of the sides. In addition to the usual plates on the body for sturgeon fish, the sterlet has close-contact shields on the back. Taking into account the place of residence, the sterlet may have a different color, but usually its back has a gray-brown shade, and yellow-white belly. All fins of gray shade. In this case, the sterlet may be stormy and stupid. Lives fish only in the north of Siberia.

Delicate fish

Sturder fish on sale can be seen both in alive and in frozen, smoked and chilled. Sturgeon is used for the manufacture of bald and different canned food.

Sale of sturgeon salted species is prohibited. This is due to the probability of presence in meat painful anaeroba - botulinus, which causes severe poisoning.

Once only the one that was sturgeon believed to red fish. These are such varieties like Beluga, Sterlet, Severy and Ostr. However, these species were valued completely not for the pinkish shade of meat, but for their magnificent taste and food properties. Now this generalized name has been fixed behind salmon fish. Thus, red is also called salmon, pinkish and ketu.

There is a certain culinary and trading classification of this fish. The first group includes sturgeon, place of residence, which Caspian and Black Sea. These are such varieties like Beluga, sterling and spike, sturgeon and the seven. The second group are salmon, such as salmon and trout, pink salmon and ket, and the last - white types of salmon (Belorybitsa and Kijuch, Nelma and Tymen).

The value of red fish is due to the large content of meat vitamins of the group a, b, e, pp and d, zinc, phosphorus and calcium, fluorine and iodine. But the most important human body is considered fatty polyunsaturated omega acid 3. This acid is needed for normal brain operation, maintaining immunity and memory improvements. Scientists have proven that those people who constantly include red fish in their menu are not faced with depression, and also 3 times reduce the risk of hypertension and oncology.

Acipenser Stellatus.) - Fish family sturgeon. It lives in the Caspian, Black and Azov seas pools. They are found at a depth of 100 m. The maximum registered length is 220 cm, and the weight of 80 kg. Valuable fishing fish.

Areal

Widden in the basins of the Caspian, Black and Azov seas. It is part of the Adriatic Sea, the Aegean Sea (included in the r. Maritsa). With the city of Caspian Severuga began to unail to the Aral Sea, however, naturalization did not happen. He has winter and spring forms. From the North Caspian enters into the Volga, but it does not rise highly (although there were cases of the capture of Severilians from Rybinsk). The main spawns were located to Volgograd; Many fish took place on the ikrometania above (mainly to Saratov). In much smaller quantities enters the Urals, rises to Uralsk (and above to the frontier). Sneshleys are available below inner mountains, 300-400 km from the mouth of the Urals. Single copies enter Terek, Samur, Sulak. From the South Caspian Rivers, the seven is mainly in Kuru, it comes to Lankranka, Astara. According to the Iranian coast, it is included in the same rivers as the ceremony (Sefidrud, etc.). From the Azov Sea to the ikrometania, it is mostly in Kuban, less in Don (Kuban has always been a "sorely" river). The main spawns of the Serevuli in Kuban were located between the Tbilisi Stana and Kropotkin. From the Black Sea enters the Dnieper, rarely (but more often than Beluga) in the Dniester. It is included in the South Bug, Danube, Rioni (to Kutaisi), there was an entry and other rivers north of Rioni: Inguri, Codori, etc.

Description

The stall is elongated, narrow and flattened, its length is 62-65% of the length of the head. Lower lip intermittent. A mustache mustache, devoid of fringe. Between the rows of bugs, the body on the sides is usually covered with starry plates.

In the first dorsal fin 40-46 rays; in the anal 24-29 rays; spinal bugs 11 - 14, side - 30-36, abdominal - 10-11; Gybel stamens in the 1st gill arc 24-26.

The average commercial weighing of the Volga Sevrenii 8-9 kg, Kurinskaya - 7-8 kg, Ural - 5-10 kg, Kuban - 6-8 kg, Donskoy - about 7-8 kg. The greatest weight is marked for the Danube - 80 kg, chickens - 70 kg, don - 67 kg. Known Mix of Sevryugi with Sterlotus ("Severe Schip" - in the Volga, Danube, Don), with a spike ("Severe Ship" - in the Urals, Kura).

Biology

It was possible to obtain life-in-law hybrids: the sterlet X of the Serevuli and the Severilian sterling, the spike of the seven.

Breeding and life cycle

Spawn in rivers. By time, the progress of Sevruffs in the Volga, the Urals, Terek is about the same. In Kuru, the Severuga is included round year, cold winter and hot summer in smaller quantities. Icroids in the same places where the custody spawns, in addition, in the turbulent sections of the shores temporarily flooded with flood waters. Start of spawning in May at a temperature of 15 ° C, peak at 18-20 ° C.

Fruitness 58.8 thousand (female 10 years from the Urals), 416 thousand. Icraine (female 19 years). The average fecundity in the Urals 198, 5 thousand, in the Volga - from 218 to 238 thousand Ikrink.

In the Urals, natural reproduction has been preserved. In other rivers, reproduction is based on the factory cultivation of juveniles. Sturgeon fishing plants are available in the lower reaches of the chickens (1954), Volga (1955) and Pehlev (1971, Iran).

Migration

Sevryuga regularly migrates in the field of feeding, in spring north and in the coastal strip, and in the fall back. On spawning in the Urals, the Sevryuga comes at a water temperature of 5.4-7.2 ° C. Initially, the males predominate in the catch, the number of males and females in the midst of the stroke. Peak stroke - in May. At the end of May, individuals are sailed, which differ from the early spring. In mid-June, when the water level in the river drops sharply, the height of the late Yarovar Severgi is observed. In June, the move ends. In the Delta, the Volga Sevryuga begins to go to spawning in early April at a water temperature of 3-9 ° C. Peak stroke in the lower reaches - the end of April-May, above the delta - June. In Kuru, Sevryuga comes all year round, there are two peaks of the course: in April-May and October-November. In Kura, Sevryuga also happens early and later.

Interaction with man

Caring the sturgeon Caspian basin of the Sereryuga ranks first in the magnitude of production. The USSR catches accounted for up to 10 thousand tons. In Iran in 1968-1971. Annually mined 0.6-0.8 thousand tons of seven. Domestic catch in 1995. The domestic sealing of Sevryfi in the Black and Azov seas was 0.30 thousand tons, and in 1996 decreased to 0.15 thousand tons, in Caspians in 1995, 0.98 thousand tons , in 1996 - 0.69 thousand tons. The total catch by Russia of Severugi amounted to (in thousand tons): 1997 - 0.45; 1998 - 0.34; 1999 - 0.23; 2000 - 0.18. In Russia, Sevryuga is industrialized only in the rivers with smooth networks and mechanized ribs. In the marine territorial waters of Iran, the Sevryugu is mined by pilot networks.

Grieving meat is distinguished by high taste qualities. It is harvested in cooled and ice cream form, the jaws are used to prepare a path and grainy caviar, sometimes in a mixture with caviar of other sturgeon. From the spinal string is preparing a visiting, from the cartilage - canned food, and fish glue from the swimming bubble. The bidity of the bodies of the Serevuli does not exceed 11%, caviar - 10%.

The number of sevryptus is reduced by contamination of rivers and poaching. The reserves of the Sereryfi are formed due to natural reproduction and industrial stations (90%). The volume of the release of the Milno Sevryukhi fishing plants are lower than sturgeon. Sevryugu is bred on, Hillinsky sturgeon fishing plant. In 2016, the fishery of the Caspian sturgeon is prohibited. Since 2000, the industrial catch of Azov sturgeon is prohibited. The International Union of Nature Protection assigned the security status "Types on the verge of extinction."

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Notes

Reshetnikov Yu. S., Kotlyar A. N., Russ T. S., Shatunovsky M. I. Pyaspical dictionary of animal names. Fish. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / Under the general editors of Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - m.: Rus. Yaz., 1989. - P. 53. - 12,500 copies. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
: Information on the website of the Red Book of IUCN (English)
In the database of FishBase (English)
Fishery fish of Russia. In two volumes / ed. O. F. Gritsenko, A. N. Kotlar and B. N. Kotenyova. - m.: Publishing house Vniro, 2006. - T. 1. - P. 70-71. - 624 s. - ISBN 5-85382-229-2.
Life of animals. Volume 4. Lancts. Headhead. Cartilage fish. Bone fish / Ed. T. S. Rasa, Ch. ed. V. E. Sokolov. - 2nd ed. - M.: Enlightenment, 1983. - 575 p.
Frolova Lyubov. . Ural basin project. Uralbas.ru. Checked on September 7, 2016.
. www.wwf.ru. Checked on September 7, 2016.
Babanin L. . azovcenter.ru. Checked on September 7, 2016.
Tishchenko N.N., Tkacheva I.V. . Sectoral agro-industrial portal - Rusagroyug. Checked on September 7, 2016.
. Fishnews.ru. Checked on September 7, 2016.

Excerpt characterizing the seven

"There is something," said Nikolai and even more established himself in this assumption that she was immediately immediately left after lunch. He called Natasha and asked what?
"And I was looking for you," Natasha said, squeezing to him. "I said, you didn't want to believe," she said triumphantly, "he made a proposal to Son.
No matter how little Nikolai Sonya was doing during this time, but something as if he broke away in it when he heard it. Shelokhov was a decent and in some respects a brilliant party for the unprecedented Sony orphan. From the point of view of the old Countess and Light it was impossible to refuse him. And therefore, the first feeling of Nicholas, when he heard it, was angry against Sony. He prepared to say: "And it is perfect, of course, you must forget children's promises and accept the offer"; But he did not have time to say this ...
- You can imagine! She refused, completely refused! - spoke Natasha. "She said she loves the other," she added, having packed a little.
"Yes, otherwise I could not do my Sonya!" I thought Nikolai.
- How many mother asked her, she refused, and I know, she will not change if he said ...
- And my mother asked her! - with reprocess said Nikolai.
"Yes," Natasha said. - You know, Nikoleka, do not be angry; But I know that you do not marry her. I know God knows why I know right, you do not marry.
- Well, you don't know that, - said Nikolai; "But I need to talk to her." What kind of beauty, this Sonya! - he added smiling.
- This is such a charm! I will send you her. - And Natasha, kissed his brother, ran away.
A minute later, Sonya entered, frightened, confused and guilty. Nikolai approached her and kissed her hand. It was the first time that they were talked to the eye on this arrival and about their love.
"Sophie," he said first timidly, and then all the bolder and bolder, "if you want to refuse not only from brilliant, from a profitable party; But he is a wonderful, noble man ... He is my friend ...
Sonya interrupted it.
"I already refused," she said hastily.
- If you refuse for me, I'm afraid of me ...
Sonya again interrupted it. She pleading, looked at him into his frightened look.
"Nicolas, do not tell me that," she said.
- No, I have to. Maybe this is a sufficious [arrogance] on my part, but it's better to say. If you refuse for me, then I have to tell you the whole truth. I love you, I think most of all ...
"I am pretty," Sonya said, spoiled.
- No, but I fell in love with a thousand times and I will fall in love, although such a feeling of friendship, trust, love, I have no one, how to you. Then I am young. Maman does not want it. Well, just, I do not promise anything. And I ask you to think about the proposal of Dolokhov, "he said, with difficulty, having disaggregated his friend's name.
- Do not tell me this. I do not want anything. I love you like a brother, and I will always love, and nothing more I need.
"You're an angel, I don't stand you, but I'm just afraid to deceive you." - Nikolai once again kissed her hand.

Hoygel had the most fun balls in Moscow. It was told Mother, looking at their adolescentes, [girls,] allocating their newly learned PA; It was also said to themselves adolescentes and adolescents, [girls and boys,] danced to fall; These adult girls and young people who came to these balls with thoughts to cut down to them and finding them the best fun. In the same year, two marriages were made on these bala. Two pretty princesses of Gorchakov have found the grooms and married, and the even more let these balls were launched. The special on these bala was that there was no owner and the hostess: it was like the fluff flying, according to the rules of art, shaking, good-natured heogel who took tickets for the lessons from all of its guests; It was that only those who wanted to dance and have fun who wanted to dance and have fun on these balls, as they want to have 13 tons and 14 years old girls, for the first time you have long dresses. Everything, with rare exceptions, were or seemed pretty: so enthusiastically, they were all smiling and their eyes flared up. Sometimes even Pas de Chale was danced, of which the best was Natasha, distinguished by its gracefulness; But on this, the last ball was dancing only eclosees, angles and the Mazurka just included. The hall was taken by the hegel in the house of Zuhova, and the ball very much, as everyone said. There were a lot of pretty girls, and the Rostov of the ladies were from the best. They both were especially happy and cheerful. This evening Sonya, proud of the proposal of Dologov, his refusal and explanation with Nikolai, was still at home, not giving a girl to her braids, and now they glowed a gusty joy.
Natasha, no less proud of the fact that she was the first time in a long dress, on this ball, was still happier. Both were in white, ribbed dresses with pink ribbons.
Natasha became in love with the most minute as she entered the ball. She was not in love with anyone in particular, but in love was in all. In the one who she looked at that moment, as she looked, in that, she was in love.
- Oh, how good! - She said everything, ran to Sona.
Nikolay with Denisov went through the halls, gentle and patronizingly looking away dancing.
"How she is Mila," Asavita will be, "Denisov said.
- Who?
- G "Athena Natasha, - answered Denisov.
"And how she dances, what kind of g" ace! "Having silent a little, he said again.
- Yes, about who are you talking about?
"About sis" U p "About yours," Denisov shouted angrily.
Rostov grinned.
- Mon Cher Comte; Vous Etes L "Un de Mes Meilleurs Ecoliers, Il Faut Que Vous Dansiez," said Little Hogel, coming to Nikolay. - Voyez Combien de Jolies Demoiselles. [Considive graph, you are one of my best students. You need to dance. Look how much Pretty girls!] - He as a request to Denisov also appealed to Denisov, also his former student.
"Non, Mon Cher, Je Fe" Ai Tapisse "IE, [No, my dear, I'll sit at the wall,] - said Denisov. - Don't you remember how bad I used your lessons?
- Oh no! - hastily comforting him, hegel said. - You were only inattentive, and you had the ability, yes, you had the ability.
Played a newly introduced Mazurka; Nikolai could not refuse Hyogel and invited Sonya. Denisov hooked up to the old women and climbing the saber, having tricking the clock, something had fun and mixed old ladies, glancing at the dancing youth. Hogel in the first pair danced with Natasha, his pride and the best student. Gently, gently sorting through with his legs in shoes, Iogel first flew around the hall with a timing, but diligently edition of Pa Natasha. Denisov did not keep her eyes off her and laughed a saber tact, with such a kind that clearly said that he himself does not dance only from what he does not want, and not from what he can't. In the middle of the figure, he called to himself passing by Rostov.
"It's not at all," he said. - Is it a Polish mas of magazine "ka? And perfectly dancing. - knowing that Denisov and in Poland was even famous for his skill to dance Polish Mazurka, Nikolai ran to Natasha:
- Look, choose Denisov. Here dances! Miracle! - he said.
When Natasha's turn came again, she got up and quickly dealt with her shoes with her bows, Robust, one ran through the hall to the corner where Denisov sat. She saw that everyone was looking at her and wait. Nikolay saw that Denisov and Natasha smiling argued, and that Denisov refused, but smiling happily. He ran up.
"Please, Vasily Dmitrich," Natasha said, "please go."
"Yes, that, dismissal," Athena, "said Denisov.
- Well, full, Vasya, - said Nikolai.
"That's exactly Kota Vaska Uzkova" go, "said Denisov jokingly.
"All evening I will sing," Natasha said.
- Magician will do everything with me! - said Denisov and dismissed the saber. He came out of the chairs, hurt his lady tightly for his hand, lifted his head and set back his leg, waiting for the tact. Only on horseback and in Mazurka, Denisov's small growth was not visible, and he appeared to those whimpt how he felt himself. Having won the beat, he with her side, victorious and jokingly, looked at his lady, suddenly invited one foot and, like a ball, elastically jumped from the floor and flew along the circle, fascinating his lady. He did not hear half the halls on one leg, and, it seemed, did not see the chairs standing in front of him and straight on them; But suddenly, rushing his legs and putting his legs, stopped at heels, stood so a second, with a roar of Schort knocked in one place with his legs, quickly spit and, with his left foot, shaking the right, again flew in a circle. Natasha guess what he intended to do, and herself did not know how, watched him - giving him. That he circled her, then on the right, then on his left hand, then falling on his knee, drowned her around him, and again threw up and started forward with such a swiftness, as if he intended, without translating the spirit, to run through all the rooms; That suddenly again stopped and did a new and unexpected knee again. When he, Boyko, skipping the lady before her place, clicked around, bowing in front of her, Natasha did not even crumble him. She stared at him with a bewilderment, smiling, as if not recognizing him. - What is it? - she said.

Fish called the Sereryuga is difficult to confuse with anyone. Its distinctive features are a long nose having a form of dagger; Narrow and smooth mustache, as well as a convex forehead. Thanks to such an unusual external data, this fish looks great on any holiday table!

Severity, belonging to the family of sturgeon, is mainly in the pools, the Azov, Black and Caspian seas. In smaller quantities, this fishing breed is also found in the Adriatic, Aral and Aegean seas.

Since the seven is a passing fish, it dwells in the open sea, and in the flowing rivers it goes exclusively during the period of throwing caviar.

From the commercial point of view, the seven is very highly appreciated. There are two main varieties of this fish - the spring and winter. The torso of this fish has an elongated shape, on its back and on the sides there are shields, very tightly located to each other. The color of the bodies of the Severy - reddish-brown, there may be insignificant bluish-black sides on the back and sides, and on the abdomen there is a strip of white.

The length of the largest individuals of the sorry is five meters, and its weight reaches approximately fifty kilograms. However, there are much more specimens that have weights from five to six kilograms and length - from 1.2 to 1.5 meters.

Sereviy Ikrinka have minor sizes and dark gray coloring. The taste of caviar is quite specific. It is peculiar to her delicate fragrance of fish, as well as a light and unobtrusive taste of iodine.

On the shelves of shops and supermarkets there is a seven of hot and cold smoking, as well as frozen and in the form of a baldy. Thanks to its very fragrant and gentle meas, this fish grade is widely used in cooking.

Sevryugu can be baked in the oven, cook for a couple, as well as stew in broth, fault or cream. This fish is perfectly combined with a vegetable and mushroom garnish, with mayonnaise and even with spicy and exquisite sauces cooked from fruit.

Composition and beneficial properties

Severy is very useful fish. It contains a significant amount of protein, which includes collagen connective tissues - it easily acquires a soluble form. In connection with these features, all nutrients that are rich in this fish are easily absorbed in full.

In addition, in the Grudge, there is a significant amount of vitamins A, D, E, as well as vitamins of group V. And there are still all the most valuable micro and macroelements - iodine, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, fluorine and many others.

Severity meat is highly appreciated due to the significant content of omega-3 fatty polyunsaturated acids, characterized by increased physiological activity. Despite the significant fat content of the Serery, the meat of this fish is not very calorie. Its use promotes weight loss and reduces the risk of developing diseases of the cardiovascular system. In addition, the substances contained in the meat of the Seresryfi have effective anti-inflammatory properties.