Small knot. Small Uzen (river)

Al-Gai - the boundary of the semi-desert,
  Tough nature and strict
  Does not leak or freeze
  And a dusty snowstorm at night
  And these lavish steppes,
  Estuary-wet meadows,
  When the fields burned to ashes
  Threw up the hocks and stacks.
  It carries memory to the mouth
  The dense waters of Uzen,
  About them with friendly sadness
  The reeds rustle in the dust of the day.
  N. Fedorov

Bolshoi Uzen (Kaz. Yelken Uzen, Karazen) is a steppe river of internal flow, flowing through the Saratov region of Russia and the West Kazakhstan region.
  The Kazakh name is Kara-Ozen, that is, the Black (not drying up in a drought) river.

Big Uzen originates on the southwestern slopes of General Syrt, flows southward, within the West Kazakhstan region, the river passes into an extensive system of small lakes and marshes, known as Kamysh-Samara.

The total length of the river is about 400 kilometers (up to 650 km in the flood). The river bed is quite deep, the banks are steep, under the Slamikhin there are rapids; in the upper parts the water is fresh all year round, in the middle and lower - by the end of the summer, in autumn and winter the water becomes bitter-salty and unfit for consumption.
   Altata flows into the Big Uzen on the left side, and a small duct connects to the Sakryl Lake on the right. According to one version, Big Uzen flowed into the bay of the Caspian Sea, which retreated to the south and left behind a whole system of lakes - Kamysh-Samara, the level of which is lower than the level of the Caspian Sea. Among these lakes there are lakes with self-settling salt, which has a rather distinct bitter aftertaste and is known by the name "Uzen" salt.

By the name of the Big and parallel to the current Small Uzeni, the entire surrounding area is popularly known under the name Uzeni. The generic name of this river geographic area - short and biting Uzeni - was introduced into the circulation by the Yaitsky Cossacks. This name is found both in legal (decrees of Catherine II and Paul I) and geographical (ESBE; VI volume of "Russia" Semenov-Tyan-Shansky) Russian literature.

Here, at Uzen, Old Believers' temples and hermitages were located; it was here, “having secretly left for Uzen,” that in 1772 brought the brave Chika-Zarubin, a military flag rescued after the Embulatov catastrophe. Soon Chika became a companion of the impostor Emelyan Pugachev - and fully shared the triumph and tragedy of False Peter III.

This name is also found in geographical literature, for example, in the V volume of "Russia" by Semenov-Tian-Shansky.

During the Civil War, fierce battles took place here between the red units (led by Chapaev and Furmanov) and the white Yaitsky (Ural) Cossacks. The Reds captured the village of Slamikhinskaya, now the village of Zhalpaktal.

waterfall at n.p. Virgin

Settlements on Big Uzen
  Krasnopartizansky district of the Saratov region: villages Miloradovka, Golovinshcheno
  Ershov district, Saratov region: Semeno-Poltavka village, Tselinny village, Mikhailovka, Osinov Gai, Novorepnoe, Orlov Gai
  Dergachevsky district of the Saratov region: Zolotukha village
  Novouzensky district of the Saratov region: Kurilovka village, Uzen Fortress, Talovka, Dmitrievka, Radishchevo, Novouzensk city, Algaysky village
  Aleksandrov-Gaysky district of the Saratov region: Lukov Cardon villages, Gai Alexandrov, Novoaleksandrovka, Priuzensky village
  West Kazakhstan Region: Kayyndy (Berezino), Ashysay (Russian Talovka), Bayturgan, Port Arthur, Eginsay, Zhanazhol, Zhalpaktal (Furmanovo), Karauzen, Karasu, Mashteksay (Leninsky)

DESCRIPTION OF THE BIG RIVER RIVER
  The river valley is winding, indistinctly expressed, offshore overgrown with chakan and reeds. The left bank is swampy in some places. In the floodplain of the river there are lakes, estuaries. In some areas, the banks are bunded. The prevailing channel width is 15–25 m, the largest - 70 m. The channel banks are predominantly steep, 2–13 m high, loamy, overgrown with sparse grass and wormwood, partially shrubbery. Belongs to rivers with mainly snow nutrition. The main phase of its water regime is spring flood (about 100% of the annual flow). Before commissioning the Saratov Canal, the rest of the year was a system of shallow reaches, delimited by dry rifts. Since 1973, Volga water has been supplied to the source of the river from the canal. As a result, both the appearance and hydrological regime of the river changed dramatically. Channel transformations and deformations occur. In the basin of the Bolshoi Uzen River in the region there are about 400 ponds, lakes, elders, digging. On the banks of the river are the cities of Novouzensk and the regional center - the village of Aleksandrov Gai.

Bolshoy Uzen is a steppe river of internal flow, flowing through the Saratov region of Russia and the West Kazakhstan region. The Kazakh name is Kara Ozen, that is, the Black River.
Bolshoi Uzen originates on the southwestern slopes of General Syrt, flows southward through the territory of the Ershov, Dergachevsky, Novouzensky and Algay regions of the Saratov region, within the West Kazakhstan region the river passes into an extensive system of small lakes and swamps, known as Kamysh- Samara. The total length of the river is about 400 kilometers (up to 650 km in the flood). The river bed is rather deep, the prevailing channel width is 15-25 m, the largest is 70 m, the banks are steep, there are rapids under Slamikhin; in the upper parts the water is fresh all year round, in the middle and lower - by the end of the summer, in autumn and winter the water becomes bitter-salty and unfit for consumption. Altata flows into the Big Uzen on the left side, and a small duct connects to the Sakryl Lake on the right. According to one version, Big Uzen fell into the bay of the Caspian Sea, which retreated to the south and left behind a whole system of lakes - Kamysh-Samara, whose level is lower than the level of the Caspian Sea. Among these lakes there are lakes with self-settling salt, which has a rather distinct bitter aftertaste and is known by the name "Uzen" salt.

Main tributaries: right - Talovka. Tzvolozhka, Solyanka, left - Altata, Ilyinka, Talovka, Chertanla. Water is used for irrigation and water supply.

Before commissioning the Saratov Canal, the rest of the year was a system of shallow reaches, delimited by dry rifts. Since 1973, Volga water has been supplied to the source of the river from the canal. As a result, both the appearance and hydrological regime of the river changed dramatically. Channel transformations and deformations occur. In the basin of the Bolshoi Uzen River in the region there are about 400 ponds, lakes, elders, digging. On the banks of the river are the cities of Novouzensk and the regional center - the village of Aleksandrov Gai.

By the name of the Big and parallel to the current Small Uzeni, the entire surrounding area is popularly known under the name Uzeni. The generic name of this river geographic area - short and biting Uzeni - was introduced into the circulation by the Yaitsky Cossacks. This name is found both in legal (decrees of Catherine II and Paul I) and geographical (ESBE; VI volume of "Russia" by Semenov-Tyan-Shansky) Russian literature.

In 1760, the Old Believers founded the village of Chertanla, at the confluence of the Chertanla river (Turkic "Shchuchya") into the Bolshoi Uzen river (from the Turkic "ozen" - a small river; valley, ravine), which was subsequently destined to become a city.
To protect these places from attacks by nomads, on the instructions of the government from Kamyshin, a cordon line is being built between the Volga and the Urals, and a fortress is being built in the Uzeni tract. The fortress was built according to the decree of Catherine II of December 3, 1787 and was supposed to "serve as protection and cover for the villages there against a sudden assassination by hostile or willful peoples." It had the shape of an eleven-pointed star, five gates, from the outside it was reliably surrounded by an earthen rampart and a deep moat. There was a garrison in the fortress, there were two powder cellars, 49 guns. This fortress, also called the city of Uzen (now the village of Uzen Fortress), did not last long, since it was not an outpost at the front edge, but 75 kilometers behind the Russian village of Aleksandrov Gai.
  The remains of the earthen rampart around the village of Uzen Fortress are visible even now as witnesses of the distant past.

Big Uzen abounds in fish, in the cliffs of the river and at the bottom often found the remains of a mammoth (teeth, tusks - well preserved, bones) and antediluvian bull. Spring spills form vast waterlogged meadows at the bottom, providing hay for winter time with hundreds of thousands of rams wintering here and tens of thousands of horses.

Bolsheuzensky archeological monuments are known, including burial mounds with medieval burials. During archaeological research of the Mokrinsky burial ground, silver coins of the Golden Horde were found.

  RESEARCH OF THE BIG RIVER RIVER
  1. Characterization of the object of study

The Bolshoi Uzen River flows through the territory of the Aleksandrov-Gaysky District, located in the extreme south-east of the Saratov Region.

The word Uzen in Kazakh “Ozen” means a river, and in Tatar “Uzen” has a vague meaning: channel, valley, dol. Since 1223, the Trans-Volga steppes became places of nomads and settlements of the Tatar-Mongols. The southern part of these steppes is now part of Kazakhstan.

The Uzeni rivers were first mentioned in Russian cartography in the book “The Great Drawing” (1627) and the Volga steppes are described in detail here.

Already at the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th centuries the Uzeni rivers were well known to the service people of the Moscow state. A few lines about Uzens are given in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia: “Uzen Bolshoi and Maly are rivers in the Saratov region of Russia and the Ural region of Kazakhstan. The length of Big Uzen is 650 km, the basin area is 15,600 km2, it flows into the drainless: Kamysh - Samara Lakes. ”

Big Uzen originates on the watersheds of the low Syrt plain, namely from the village of Miloradovka in the Krasnopartizansky district, they descend along the slopes of the plain to the Caspian lowland and get lost in it, forming the Kamysh - Samara spills outside the Saratov region. Tributaries: Altata, Chertanla, Solyanka, Tavolozhka, Ilyinka, Talovka.

Big Uzen is a deep canyon that separates a flat steppe, about 7-8 meters.

Big Uzen makes many convolutions, sharp turns, forming flooded fertile places - tracts. The river’s food is mostly snow, 80% of the annual runoff falls on the spring flood. In the spring, in a flood, the river spills heavily. In some years, the Bolshoi Uzen River is especially full-flowing, water in the channel rises several meters, leaves the banks, floods all low places, but it does not last long, about 2-3 weeks and almost an annual flow of water goes to the Kazakhstan steppes.

The river freezes at the end of November, opens in April. Water is used for irrigation. The right banks of the Bolshoi Uzen river are steeper, and on the left side there are many depressions, kultuki.

Previously, during the summer, the river dried up and turned into separate reaches. With the launch of the Saratov irrigation and watering canal with the withdrawal of water from the Volga in 1972, the hydrobiological regime of the river changed dramatically, in connection with this, the river currently remains full-flowing throughout the summer period.

River characteristics

The fall of the Big Uzen River

Mouth - 35 m

Source - 0 m

Fall \u003d 35m - 0 \u003d 35m

Big Uzen River Slope

Length - 650 km

Fall - 35m

Slope \u003d 35 m: 650 km \u003d 5.8 cm per 1 km

Water consumption

Cross sectional area - 1000 m2

The speed of the current - 0.2 m / s

Water consumption \u003d 1000 × 0.2 \u003d 200 m3 / s

Annual runoff - 5.8 km3

The annual flow of the river is very insignificant, since the moisture coefficient is less than unity, the basin is composed of loose rocks, absorbing water and the relief along which the river flows, flat.

The main source of water supply for the population and agricultural enterprises of the Aleksandrovo-Gaysky district is the Bolshoi Uzen River. There are practically no treatment facilities in the area. The drains of settlements, agricultural enterprises often flow directly into the river. Violation of the natural flow of water in the river occurs as a result of the following factors.
  Natural factors.

The presence of a water-resistant layer, mineral soils with low filtration capacity at a depth of 60 - 80 cm. Rising groundwater level.
  Anthropogenic factors.

The construction of dams. Plowing of natural zones. Destruction of vegetation along the banks of the river. Drains from personal households of residents living along the banks of these rivers. Inadequate development of sewer networks. Lack of conditions for storm water treatment.


  2. Natural and climatic characteristics of the territory

2.1. Climatic characteristics of the territory

The type of climate is temperate continental with unstable moisture. The average annual air temperature is + 11.6 ° C, January (-0.2 ° C), July (24.83 ° C).
  Period with air temperatures above zero: 9-10 months. The frost-free period from mid-April to the end of October is 192 days. The appearance of drought in late spring and early autumn is mitigated by increased relative humidity. (Agrometeorological Bulletin, g.)

2.2. River basin vegetation

On the river banks, common reed mainly grows, cattail broad-leaved is a genus of perennial, monocotyledonous grasses of the cereal family. Each of the plants forms “pure” communities, in which few other species of flowering plants (sedge, duckweed) live. The surface of the river in warm time is densely covered with duckweed - a genus of perennial dicotyledonous grasses of the duckweed family. These are small plants floating or immersed in water, having the appearance of green rounded or oblong leaf-shaped plates, from which a long root leaves. Reed thickets are powerful, dense and tall. In addition to reeds, coastal sedge grows here. The cattail community is formed in deeper places. They, like reed beds, are represented by “clean” grass stands with little involvement of other plants. The clumps of cattail are dense, but less powerful in height than reed ones. There are unicellular and filamentous algae in the rivers, attached aquatic plants - a yellow capsule floating on the surface of the water (a rare, protected plant). Water plants are elements among the habitat for animals of the river. Here animals hide from enemies, lay eggs and eggs, their juveniles develop here. Vegetation regulates the oxygen regime of water. For many species of animals, aquatic vegetation serves as food.

2.3. Fauna of the river basin

Fresh water bodies, according to Yu. And Abaev., Are distinguished by a diverse and numerous ichthyofauna. 65 species and subspecies of fish belonging to different families live permanently or temporarily in them. Common: perch, pike perch, rudd, bream, common carp, crucian carp, catfish, pike, gobies. The aquatic fauna is represented by animals living, as in the coastal
zone - dragonflies, frogs, and in the water column - predatory beetles - swimmers, water bugs. At the bottom there are insect larvae, mollusks, and crustaceans.
  Among amphibians, according to T.I. Zhukova, the most common lake frog, green toad. They live near water bodies, do not go far from water.

In accordance with P.A. Tilba. 53 species of birds nest in the study area, and their number in summer is 131.4 individuals per km2. A large number of birds are attracted by artificial and natural reservoirs. Their main inhabitants are ducks and waders. The species composition and ecological groups are rich in mammalian fauna. Some common orders: insectivores, include small (common hedgehog) and very (shrews) animals. A lot of moles. Of the hare-like species, only one species lives - the hare.

3. Research methodology

3.1. Determination of hydrogen ion content in water: water pH.

Using this study, you can determine the content of hydrogen ions in water.

Equipment and reagents:

Water samples;

Universal indicator paper;

PH color scale.

Progress: water was taken from the river, the pH value was determined using paper indicators (universal indicator paper) immediately after taking the sample, since a change in water temperature affects the pH value.

Conclusion: indicator paper became colorless, on a scale corresponds to pH \u003d 7.0 (neutral medium).

3.2. The study of river and coastal phytocenoses.

The species composition of plants was studied at various points of the Bolshoi Uzen River basin located at a distance of 1 km from each other.

3.3. The study of the fauna of the bottom of water bodies

Soil samples with bottom organisms living in it were taken using a net, while the net was directed against the current during sampling. After each filling of the trap, the contents were washed with water and stored in a container with a lid. Then, animals were selected with tweezers for study.

Conclusion:
  In the river Big Uzen found about 30 species of aquatic invertebrate animals. According to the Woodivissa technique, it was found that water quality on a 10-point scale is 8 points, which implies that the water is relatively clean.

3.4. The study of aquatic vegetation

1. Observation in nature, on the shore of a reservoir
  2. Collection of material for laboratory research (collection of algae).
  3. The study and evaluation of the collected material using a microscope with a magnification of 10x20.
  4. Evaluation of the results.

General assessment of the status of the Big Uzen River Basin

The ecological situation in the Aleksandrovo - Gaysky district is of medium complexity. This is due to the presence of an industrial enterprise on the territory of the district. Conducting agricultural activities, a large number of mobile sources of pollution, exceeding the norms of maximum permissible emissions from stationary sources of pollution, exceeding the MPC of pollutants in wastewater, lack of funds for environmental protection.
  Landfills are most negatively affected by above-ground and underground waters. Unfortunately, the ecology of the river is deteriorating every year and mainly due to the fault of the residents themselves. The river is very shallow, as along the river there is practically no forest left, only individual trees and shrubs. The river floodplain opens up, as a result of which ravines arise in places.

Our river is polluted, and there are many sources of pollution. Often, drivers of vehicles wash a car or motorcycle right in the river, without thinking about the consequences. As a result, an oil film forms on the surface of the water, which makes it difficult for air to enter the water and causes the death of aquatic inhabitants. Currently, river water is used for irrigation and domestic needs. But the main thing is a good recreation area for children and adults.

The main pollutants of this zone are: carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, methane and others. All these substances in certain quantities are released into the atmosphere, and then bound by water into water bodies, have a significant impact on people, plants and animals. Among the most dangerous pollutants are: ammonia, lead.
  - The riverbanks are overgrown with reeds, and in some places the river is completely overgrown. The ecology of the rivers was affected by the construction of platinum, which led to a change in their regime and the flooding of territories in some places.
  - When studying the flora of the ecosystem, 62 plant species were identified that belong to 25 families. These are mainly perennial herbs. Trees, shrubs and shrubs are found in plantings near rivers. Where the anthropogenic load is most characteristic, plants are mainly distributed: yellow thistle, dairy gray thistle, narrow-leaved ragweed, wormwood. Aquatic vegetation has suffered the most because of human activities in the places where municipal water is released, there are no arrowheads and sedges.
  - Algae in rivers are diverse, but their number is not large and varies from the place of choice of research. In places near the road and the greenhouse there are fewer of them. This indicates an average pollution of the reservoir.
-The soil fauna is diverse, but not numerous. On the whole, annelids predominate, the rest are rare.
  - The animal world of the pool is quite diverse and is represented by numerous representatives of various classes.
  - Water in the river belongs to the sulfate class. Exceeding the MPC was observed for almost all ions. The pH of the water in the river ranges from 7 to 9.
  - By the degree of oil pollution, the river can be classified as slightly polluted.
  The fauna of bottom sediments is represented by crustaceans and olegochaetes. The reservoir is inhabited by water donkeys, dragonfly larvae, etc.

FISHING NOT A RIVER BIG DECORATION
  Fishing report: December 06, 2014, B. Uzen, river
  Fishing for live bait, Mormyshka. Catch: 5-10 kilograms (roach 250 gr)

Weather: -10 -13, no wind, sunny weather, ice in places transparent ice thickness 20-25 cm.

Tackle: regular balalaika, zherlitsa

Lure / Attachment:
  bloodworm, maggot, bait millet with cake

Place of fishing: Novouzensky district, not reaching 25 km of Novouzensk itself

Finally got out for the opening of the season! Yes, and for 200 km from the house)) I was preparing to catch the laundry, that is, a damn thing. And so it happened. Arrived late at the place at 8:30, on Friday I was well met to visit so to speak))))) there is no road there, very terrible roads, it was a pity the new car.
  I didn’t know fish places so I was driving in the wake of the car (as it turned out later it was local poachers)
  Traces led me to the water, left the car on the shore, decided to try right next to the shore, where to go, drilled five holes, depth was 1.50 to 2.0 meters, fed, didn’t have time to lower the mormyshka as soon as op and bite)) pulled out I’ll ruin it from the palm of my hand and so it continued until the end of my first fishing this season) it is a pity that there was not enough time for only four hours, I had to go on my birthday. Pecking the current of the sorog no more than one palm all in one was, came across and smaller, but let go. He put five zergelisks along the coast, but not one worked.
  There are a lot of good places near the pond and the Stark River. As a result, he dragged 7 kg of sorogi. Darling took away the most important thing. The next time I will definitely go there but it’s already purely fishing with a lot of time.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
  Team Nomad
  http://pandia.ru/text/78/319/5216.php
  http://www.skitalets.ru/
  Wikipedia site.
  Surface Water Resources of the USSR: Hydrological Understanding. T. 10. / Ed. V.P. Shaban. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1966 .-- 528 p.
  Tourist Water Encyclopedia
"Rivers of the Saratov Region" - information about the object in the State Water Register
  Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb., 1890-1907.

Fishing for live bait, Mormyshka. Catch:  5-10 kilograms (roach 250 gr)

Weather: -10 -13, no wind, sunny weather, ice in places transparent ice thickness 20-25 cm.

Tackle: regular balalaika, zherlitsa

Bait / attachment: bloodworms, maggots, bait millet with cake

Place of fishing: Novouzensky district, not reaching 25 km of Novouzensk itself

URRRRRAAA Finally got out for the opening of the season! Yes, and for 200 km from the house)) I was preparing to catch the laundry, that is, a damn thing. And so it happened. Arrived late at the place at 8:30, on Friday I was well met to visit so to speak))))) there is no road there, very terrible roads, it was a pity the new car. I didn’t know fish places, so I was driving in the wake of the car (as it turned out later they were local poachers) Traces brought me to the water, left the car on the shore, decided to try not to go anywhere near the shore, drilled five holes, the depth was 1.50 up to 2.0 meters, fed, didn’t have time to lower the mormyshka as soon as op and bite)) pulled the canopy from the palm of my hand and it continued until the end of my first fishing this season) it was a pity that there was not enough time for only four hours, I had to go for my birthday . Pecking the current of the sorog no more than one palm all in one was, came across and smaller, but let go. He put five zergelisks along the coast, but not one worked. There are a lot of good places near the pond and the Stark River. As a result, he dragged 7 kg of sorogi. Darling took away the most important thing. The next time I will definitely go there but it’s already purely fishing with a lot of time.

In Russia, in the Saratov region, as well as in Kazakhstan.

Small Uzen originates on the southwestern slopes of General Syrt, flows southward, and is lost among the Kamysh-Samara small lakes and marshes within the West Kazakhstan region (Kazakhstan). The length of the river is 638 km (within the Saratov region 374 km, of which 124 km along the border of the Saratov region with Kazakhstan), the basin area is 11.6 thousand km 2 - the third river in the basin area (after the Volga and Bolshoi Uzen) is the Saratov region belonging to the basin of internal flow, 88th river of Russia by the area of \u200b\u200bthe basin. Main tributaries: Moretz, Talovka (right), Bolshaya Mokhovaya, Malousenka, Solyanka (left).

The surface of the river basin is covered with steppe. poorly developed. Wetland, lakeiness and forest cover are 1% each.

The climate of the basin is moderate continental. The average annual air temperature is from 5.5 ° C in the north to 6.8 ° C in the south. The absolute maximum of summer temperature reaches + 44 ° С. The average of the minimum winter air temperatures is -46 ° C. Annual precipitation varies from 441 mm in the north to 344 mm in the south. Most precipitation falls in the warm season. There are droughts annually.

Under natural conditions, runoff on the river was observed only during the spring flood, as it was formed almost exclusively by meltwater. In the summer, the river on erratic sites everywhere dried up and remained only in separate disconnected reaches. The average date of the beginning of spring flood occurred on approximately April 1, the end - on May 6. Soon after the end of the flood, a stable and prolonged low water period was established, during which the runoff completely stopped. The annual volume of water flow in the village. Small Uzen was 0.123 km 3, in the region of the border with Kazakhstan - 0.129 km 3, at the end of the river - 0.202 km 3. Since 1973, the Saratov irrigation and watering canal every year from April 15 to November 15, the Volga water is supplied to the source of the river. Small Uzen with an average flow rate of 33.7 m 3 / s. River freezing begins in the second decade of November. Freezing lasts 155-160 days. The maximum ice thickness by the beginning of March reaches 90–100 cm, the average - 60–65 cm. The river opens from the ice on April 4–5. The average duration of spring ice drift is 2-3 days, the longest - 6-8 days, in some years there is no ice drift.

By chemical composition, river water belongs to the chloride class and calcium group (with high values \u200b\u200bof water mineralization - to the sodium group). Mineralization of water varies from 205 to 1042 mg / l. The quality of the water in the river is very polluted.

There are 15 dams on the river. There are pike, crucian carp and roach in the river.

On the river are the city of Ershov and many different villages. In the vicinity of the village of Kaztalovka, located on the Small Uzen River in the West Kazakhstan region, Emelyan Pugachev was captured.

  Small Uzen River - Encyclopedic Reference

Maly Uzen is a river flowing in the Saratov region of Russia and the West Kazakhstan region. Length - from 638 to 300 kilometers. The river originates in the Ershov district of the Saratov region, north of the city of Ershov. The Small Uzen flows parallel to the Big Uzen. By the name of the Big and Small Uzen, the whole surrounding area is popularly known as Uzen. Here, at Uzen, Old Believers' temples and hermitages were located.

  Literature on the Maly Uzen River

  Small Uzen River - VERSES

Small Uzen
Vladimir Ananyev-Stepnoy

Waves run cautiously along the river.
Small Uzen is a small river.
Heart flows through the steppes along the Volga,
not wide, not even deep.

This river on the steppes of our wild
flows smoothly, gives people water.
Both in the cities and in the steppe villages
life along with moisture leads gradually.

In the summer, children bathe here.
Together with spring tulips grow.
Water in the steppe of grain growers
where there is water, there is fun and work.

Uzen flows through the steppe
Vladimir Ananyev-Stepnoy

Uzen flows through the steppe
low water.
And on the banks of the reeds,
water environment.

The fish in the reeds is full of:
carp and tench and bream.
In general, the aquatic environment
there are plenty of them.

Nice river in spring
and full of courage
banks tear like sheets
wet paper.

Fills along the edge
all your ravines
for fun to peasants
and kids for the sake of.

The river flows through the steppe
quiet and peaceful
and the names are always
worthy of her.

Come to us, in Ershov,
people will not lie.
You Uzen will know
like a Soviet pond.

Along the dam along the pond
citizens are walking.
And they sit on benches
and they play with children.

  Small Uzen River - SONGS

Small Uzen
Savelyeva Olga35

In the broad palm of the steppe
The Small Uzen River flows.
And with the same name, the village
The third century lives by the river

And from everywhere we rush to you


Often the sea of \u200b\u200bfeather grasses
And tulip lakes in the spring.
There is no place dearer in the world
Than our Maly is a native village
Nostalgia is sad at heart
And from everywhere we rush to you
Our Small Uzen, youth and childhood,
Small Small with a big heart.
Fate has scattered us for a long time
In towns and cities.
But the soul we are here anyway
In our heart the village is forever
Nostalgia is sad at heart
And from everywhere we rush to you
Our Small Uzen, youth and childhood,
Small Small with a big heart.

See information about rivers in the catalog alphabetically:

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Geography
Big Uzen flows in the Saratov Trans-Volga region and in the west of Kazakhstan. Coordinates: (source), (mouth). The name has Turkic roots and translates as "big river". Before the construction of the Saratov irrigation canal, through which Volga water flows into Bolshoi Uzen, the river had a constant flow only in the spring in the flood. In summer, Big Uzen turned into a chain of separate deep pools among high reeds. Near the Aspen Guy, the current disappeared, and the rest of the channel was considered a continuation of the Altata River - the modern tributary of the Big Uzen. After the Aleksandrov Gaya, the river flowed through the Astrakhan province and was lost in the reeds and swamps of the Kamysh-Samara lakes. In the middle of the 19th century, there were bridges across Bolshoy Uzen on the road from Novouzensk to the village of Maly Uzen and to Saratov. The water in the upper reaches was fresh all year round, in the middle reaches and at the mouth by the end of the summer it became bitter-salty and unsuitable for consumption. In the distant past, Big Uzen flowed into the Caspian Sea, which then retreated to the south, leaving behind a system of Kamysh-Samara lakes (in some of them the "Uzen" salt was in demand). The downstream area was formerly known as Uzeni. Before the revolution, there was significant fishing on Bolsho Uzen, the remains of ancient mammals (mammoths, bulls) were often found on its banks, and flood meadows provided large flocks of local livestock breeders with grass and hay. Modern Big Uzen is one of the largest rivers in the steppe left bank of the Saratov region and plays an important role in the irrigation of the arid region. The length of the watercourse is 650 kilometers, the Ural basin district.

Big Uzen in Novouzensk

Big Uzen near the village of Kubanka

Tributaries
  Right: Talovka, Talova, Tavolozhka, Solyanka. Left: Altata, Talova, Chertanla. Also, the water of the Big Uzen throughout the entire replenishes a number of nameless streams and beams.

Settlements
Bolshoi Uzen originates in ravines in the vicinity of Miloradovka in the Kraspopartizansky district, from where it then flows south to Golovinshcheno, west to Sadovy, again south already through the territory of the Ershov district to Semeno-Poltavka, Bolsheuzenka, Tselinny, station Mavrinka, Reflector, Mikhailovka, village Mavrinka, Belenky, Yagodinka, Upper Uzen, to the south-east to Osinov Gai, to the south-west to Novorepnoye, after which the Zolotukhu and Chabansky channels run in the Dergachevsky district, Trudovoye and Orlov Gai pass through the Ershovsky district, which flows further south to the south Novouzensky district Talovka in the south-west Kurilovka Fortress, Uzen and Dmitrievka, to the south by spraying, Alekseevka, his cap, and Uzensky Radishchevo, in the south-east Novouzensk, Pervomayskiy, Yashin. On the territory of the Aleksandrovo-Gaysky district, Big Uzen flows through Lukov Kordon, Vershkov, Fedorovka, Zeleny, Polivnoye, Aleksandrov Gai, Novoaleksandrovka and Privolny, from where it turns east into Priuzensky and Peredovaya.

Bolshoy Uzen River on the map, Saratov Region

In Kazakhstan, the river flows through Kayyndy (Berezino), where it takes a southeast direction and flows to Ashysay (Russian Talovka), Akpater (Port Arthur), Tanat, Zhanazhol, Zhalpaktal, Karauzen, south to Satybaldy, then east and again to the south through the salty lake Saryshyganak and the villages of Kishi Kheidarkhan, Toregali, Karasu, Zhanazhol (Mokrinskoe), to the east to Mashteksay (Leninsky), to the southeast through Mukyr and to the south-west to Sarykol (Fakeevo), after which it reaches its mouth and is lost in numerous lakes.

I. Kozlovsky, 2017 (last update: 05/08/2017)

Abstract on the topic:

Big Uzen

Big Uzen

Big Uzen originates on the southwestern slopes of General Syrt, flows southward, within the West Kazakhstan region, the river passes into an extensive system of small lakes and marshes, known as Kamysh-Samara. The total length of the river is about 400 kilometers (up to 650 km in the flood). The river bed is quite deep, the banks are steep, under the Slamikhin there are rapids; in the upper parts the water is fresh all year round, in the middle and lower, by the end of summer, in autumn and winter, the water becomes bitter-salty and unfit for consumption. Altata flows into Bolshoi Uzen on the left side, and a small duct connects to Sakryl Lake on the right. According to one version, Big Uzen flowed into the bay of the Caspian Sea, which retreated to the south and left behind a whole system of Kamysh-Samara lakes, the level of which is lower than the level of the Caspian Sea.

The dam was opened across the Bolshoi Uzen River

Among these lakes there are lakes with self-settling salt, which has a rather distinct bitter aftertaste and is known by the name "Uzen" salt. By the name of the Big and Small Uzeni, the entire surrounding area is popularly known under the simple name Uzeni

Notes

Big Uzen River

Abstract on the topic:

Big Uzen

Big Uzen- The steppe river flowing through the Saratov region of Russia and the West Kazakhstan region. The Kazakh name is Kara Ozen, that is, the Black River.

Big Uzen originates on the southwestern slopes of General Syrt, flows southward, within the West Kazakhstan region, the river passes into an extensive system of small lakes and marshes, known as Kamysh-Samara. The total length of the river is about 400 kilometers (up to 650 km in the flood). The river bed is quite deep, the banks are steep, under the Slamikhin there are rapids; in the upper parts the water is fresh all year round, in the middle and lower, by the end of summer, in autumn and winter, the water becomes bitter-salty and unfit for consumption. Altata flows into Bolshoi Uzen on the left side, and a small duct connects to Sakryl Lake on the right. According to one version, Big Uzen flowed into the bay of the Caspian Sea, which retreated to the south and left behind a whole system of Kamysh-Samara lakes, the level of which is lower than the level of the Caspian Sea. Among these lakes there are lakes with self-settling salt, which has a rather distinct bitter aftertaste and is known by the name "Uzen" salt. By the name of the Big and Small Uzeni, the entire surrounding area is popularly known under the simple name Uzeni. Bolshoi Uzen abounds in fish; in the cliffs of the river and at the bottom often found the remains of a mammoth (teeth, tusks, well-preserved, bones) and antediluvian bull. Spring spills form vast waterlogged meadows at the bottom, providing hay for winter time with hundreds of thousands of rams wintering here and tens of thousands of horses.

Archeological monuments are known, including burial mounds with medieval burials. During archaeological research of the Mokrinsky burial ground, silver coins of the Golden Horde were found.

During the Civil War, there were fierce battles between the Reds led by Chapaev and Furmanov, as a result of which the village of Slamikhinskaya, now the village of Zhalpaktal, was occupied by the Reds.

Settlements on Big Uzen

• Krasnopartizansky district of the Saratov region: villages Miloradovka, Golovinshcheno
• Ershov district of the Saratov region: Semeno-Poltavka village, Tselinny village, Mikhailovka, Osinov Gai, Novorepnoe, Orlov Gai
• Dergachevsky district of the Saratov region: Zolotukha village
• Novouzensky district of the Saratov region: Kurilovka villages, Uzen Fortress, Dmitrievka, Radishchevo, Novouzensk city, Algaisky village
• Aleksandrov-Gaysky district of the Saratov region: Lukov Cardon villages, Gai Alexandrov, Novoaleksandrovka, Priuzensky village
• West Kazakhstan Region: Koyyndy (Berezino), Ashysay (Russian Talovka), Bayturgan, Port Arthur, Eginsay, Zhanazhol, Zhalpaktal (Furmanovo), Karauzen, Karasu, Leninsky

When writing this article, material was used from the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (1890-1907).

Notes

1. Pachkalov A.V. Numismatic finds in the Mokrinsky I burial ground // Questions of history and archeology of Western Kazakhstan. No. 1/2009. Uralsk. S. 276-281.