Presentation "Natural zones of Eurasia" (grade 7) in geography - project, report. Natural zones of Eurasia
Natural zones of Eurasia
Geography Grade 7
The polar night lasts up to 150 days. Summer is short and cold. The frost-free period with temperatures above 0°C lasts only 10-20 days, very rarely up to 50 days. Placers of coarse clastic material are widespread. Soils weak, underdeveloped, stony.
It is devoid of trees and shrubs. Scale lichens on rocks, mosses, various algae on stony soils, and only a few flowering algae are widespread here.
The fauna of the Arctic zone is represented by polar bears, arctic foxes, polar owls, and deer. Seabirds nest on the rocky shores in summer, forming "bird colonies".
Animals tundra adapted to harsh living conditions. Many of them leave tundra for the winter; some (like lemmings) stay awake under the snow, others hibernate
snowy owl
Reindeer
cowberry
Mosses and lichens
The fauna of the forest-tundra is also dominated by lemmings. different types in different longitude zones, reindeer, arctic foxes, partridges snowy owl and a wide variety of migratory, waterfowl and small birds that settle in the bushes The tundra is rich in berry bushes - lingonberries, cranberries, cloudberries, blueberries.
reindeer
white partridge
blueberry
- By species composition distinguish between light coniferous (Scots pine, some American species of pine, Siberian and Dahurian larch) and more characteristic and widespread dark coniferous taiga (spruce, fir, cedar pine).
larch
FORESTS BROAD-LEAVED- deciduous tree and shrub communities with wide leaves of trees in different combinations - oak, beech, maple, linden, elm (elm), chestnut, ash and others.;
Forest-steppe- natural zone of the Northern Hemisphere, characterized by a combination of forest and steppe areas.
Steppe- a plain overgrown with grassy vegetation, in temperate and subtropical zones northern and southern hemispheres. characteristic feature steppes is the almost complete absence of trees
feather grass steppe
semi-deserts temperate zone in Eurasia, they stretch in a wide strip (up to 500 km) from the western part of the Caspian lowland, through Kazakhstan, Mongolia to East China.
scorpion
turtle
fennec fox
eared hedgehog
hardwood forests,
subtropical evergreen forests predominantly from xerophilic, hard-leaved species. The tree canopy is single-tiered, with a dense undergrowth of evergreen shrubs.
Hard-leaved, evergreen forests and shrubs
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On the islands of the Arctic and along the coast of the North. Arctic ca. stretch arctic deserts and tundra, framed from the south by a narrow strip of forest-tundra
To the south - taiga (mainly dark coniferous in the west and light coniferous in the east), changing to the south with mixed and broad-leaved forests, forest-steppes and steppes
Semi-deserts and deserts are especially well expressed in the interior regions of the Iranian Highlands (Dashte-Lut, Deshte-Kevir, etc.), in Cf. and Center. Asia (Karakum, Kyzylkum, Gobi, Takla-Makan), in the South. Asia (Tar).
Semi-deserts and deserts are especially well expressed in the Arabian Peninsula (Nefud, Rub al-Khali).
In the subtropics of the West. Asia - mediterranean vegetation
in Vost. Asia - monsoon mixed and broadleaf forests. In tropical latitudes, East. and Yuzh. Asia - monsoon deciduous forests and savannas, on the windward slopes of the mountains - evergreen forests.
In equatorial latitudes (mainly in Indonesia), multi-tiered swampy forests are hylaea.
Why is everything expressed in Eurasia natural areas peace?
Since Eurasia is the largest continent.
Since Eurasia has a variety of climatic conditions.
Since, Eurasia is washed by all 4 oceans of the Earth.
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Features of the distribution of natural zones in Eurasia:
Eurasia is located in all climatic zones northern hemisphere.
In Eurasia there are all types of natural zones of the Earth
As a rule, the zones are elongated from west to east.
But the complex structure of the surface of the continent and the circulation of the atmosphere
Uneven hydration different parts mainland
Complex zonal structure - natural zones do not have a continuous distribution or deviate from the sublatitudinal distribution
A large percentage of altitudinal zonation.
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In addition to sparse moss-lichen vegetation, perennial cold-resistant grasses (sedge, cotton grass, dryad, buttercups, dandelions, poppies, etc.) are widespread in the tundra. The view of the tundra blooming in spring makes an indelible impression on the variety of colors and shades that caress the eye to the very horizon.
Tundra and forest tundra
Tundra types
- shrub tundra,
- moss-lichen tundra
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Forests formed by trees with small leaves - aspen, birch, gray alder.
Temperate forests.
- Taiga
- Light coniferous taiga
- Dark coniferous taiga
Tree species can form pure (spruce, larch) and mixed (spruce-fir) forest stands.
The taiga is characterized by the absence or weak development of undergrowth (since there is little light in the forest), as well as the uniformity of the grass-shrub layer and moss cover.
Trees with large broad-leaved leaves and hard wood - oak, linden, maple, ash, beech. They dominate in the southern part of the forest zone.
forest animals
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Subtropics of the Mediterranean.
MEDITERRANEAN, a natural country that includes the islands and peninsulas of the Mediterranean m. and the adjacent territories of Eurasia and the North. Africa.
Special climate:
- Warm rainy winter
- Hot dry summer
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Steppes, semi-deserts and deserts of Eurasia.
STEPPE, a type of biome with treeless herbaceous vegetation in temperate and sub tropical zones
Semi-deserts and deserts
DESERT, a type of biome with a hot, arid climate and sparse sparse vegetation in the temperate subtropical and tropical zones of the Earth.
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wet forests- jungle
JUNGLE (English jungle, from jangal, in Hindi - thickets), tree and shrub thickets of the tropics and subtropics.
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Altitudinal zonality of Eurasia.
Regular change natural conditions in the mountains as the absolute height increases
It is mainly due to a change in the ratio of heat and moisture with height: a decrease in temperature, density and dust content of air, atmospheric pressure, an increase in the amount of solar radiation
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Broad-leaved forests Zone of mixed and deciduous forests located only in the west and east of the mainland. Broad-leaved trees are more thermophilic; they do not exist in the taiga. Soils are more fertile than podzols. The most typical trees are oak and beech. Mixed and especially broad-leaved forests are heavily cut down. Many plants and animals are listed in the Red Book.
FOREST-STEPPE AND STEPPE. In the steppes, the main obstacle to the development of trees is the lack of water, the low level of groundwater and the salinity of steppe soils. Therefore, forests are found in floodplains, they are called uryons. Now you can see the steppe only in reserves. In the unplowed areas of the steppes, their natural cover is severely disturbed, main reason- prolonged grazing.
Camel. ephemera The desert is a group of biomes distributed in areas with an extremely arid climate. The most important feature of desert conditions is the sharp predominance of evaporation over precipitation. Deserts cover a third of the Earth's land mass, are formed in the temperate, subtropical and tropical natural zones, which determines significant differences in their thermal mode. The amount of precipitation in different desert regions varies from up to mm per year.
REMEMBER! Determine which of these plants and animals are found in North America, which in Eurasia, and which are both there and there? 1. Grizzly bear 2. Dwarf willow 3. Siberian pine 4. Coyote 5. Beavers 6. Musk ox 7. Larch 8. Skunk 9. Polar bear 10. Wolverine 11. Hickory 12. Ussuri tiger 13. Bison 14. Tulip tree 15. Caribou
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The presentation on the topic "Natural zones of Eurasia" (Grade 7) can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: Geography. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 10 slide(s).
Presentation slides
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On the islands of the Arctic and along the coast of the North. Arctic ca. arctic deserts and tundras extend, framed from the south by a narrow strip of forest-tundra
To the south - taiga (mainly dark coniferous in the west and light coniferous in the east), changing to the south with mixed and broad-leaved forests, forest-steppes and steppes
Semi-deserts and deserts are especially well expressed in the interior regions of the Iranian Highlands (Dashte-Lut, Deshte-Kevir, etc.), in Cf. and Center. Asia (Karakum, Kyzylkum, Gobi, Takla-Makan), in the South. Asia (Tar).
Semi-deserts and deserts are especially well expressed in the Arabian Peninsula (Nefud, Rub al-Khali).
In the subtropics of the West. Asia - mediterranean vegetation
in Vost. Asia - monsoon mixed and broad-leaved forests. In tropical latitudes, East. and Yuzh. Asia - monsoon deciduous forests and savannas, on the windward slopes of the mountains - evergreen forests.
In equatorial latitudes (mainly in Indonesia), multi-tiered swampy forests are hylaea.
Why are all natural zones of the world expressed in Eurasia?
Since Eurasia is the largest continent. Since Eurasia has a variety of climatic conditions. Since, Eurasia is washed by all 4 oceans of the Earth.
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Features of the distribution of natural zones in Eurasia:
Eurasia is located in all climatic zones of the northern hemisphere.
In Eurasia there are all types of natural zones of the Earth
As a rule, the zones are elongated from west to east.
But the complex structure of the surface of the continent and the circulation of the atmosphere
Uneven moistening of different parts of the mainland
Complex zonal structure - natural zones do not have a continuous distribution or deviate from the sublatitudinal distribution
A large percentage of altitudinal zonation.
slide 5
In addition to sparse moss-lichen vegetation, perennial cold-resistant grasses (sedge, cotton grass, dryad, buttercups, dandelions, poppies, etc.) are widespread in the tundra. The view of the tundra blooming in spring makes an indelible impression on the variety of colors and shades that caress the eye to the very horizon.
Tundra and forest tundra
Tundra types
shrub tundra,
moss-lichen tundra
slide 6
Forests formed by trees with small leaves - aspen, birch, gray alder.
Temperate forests.
Light coniferous taiga
Dark coniferous taiga
Tree species can form pure (spruce, larch) and mixed (spruce-fir) forest stands. The taiga is characterized by the absence or weak development of undergrowth (since there is little light in the forest), as well as the uniformity of the grass-shrub layer and moss cover.
Trees with large broad-leaved leaves and hard wood - oak, linden, maple, ash, beech. They dominate in the southern part of the forest zone.
forest animals
Slide 7
Subtropics of the Mediterranean.
MEDITERRANEAN, a natural country that includes the islands and peninsulas of the Mediterranean m. and the adjacent territories of Eurasia and the North. Africa.
Special climate: Warm rainy winter, Hot dry summer,
Slide 8
Steppes, semi-deserts and deserts of Eurasia.
STEPPE, a type of biome with treeless herbaceous vegetation in temperate and subtropical zones
Semi-deserts and deserts
DESERT, a type of biome with a hot, arid climate and sparse sparse vegetation in the temperate subtropical and tropical zones of the Earth.
Slide 9
Wet forests - jungle
JUNGLE (English jungle, from jangal, in Hindi - thickets), tree and shrub thickets of the tropics and subtropics.
Slide 10
Altitudinal zonality of Eurasia.
Regular change of natural conditions in the mountains as the absolute height increases
It is mainly due to a change in the ratio of heat and moisture with height: a decrease in temperature, density and dust content of air, atmospheric pressure, an increase in the amount of solar radiation
Main natural zones: Arctic deserts. Arctic deserts. Tunedra. Tunedra. Forest tunnel. Forest tunnel. Taiga. Taiga. Mixed and broad-leaved forests. Mixed and broad-leaved forests. Forest-steppes and steppes.Forest-steppes and steppes. Semi-deserts and deserts. Semi-deserts and deserts.
Tunedra and forest-tunedra Tunedra in Siberia Tunedra is a type of natural areas lying beyond the northern limits of forest vegetation, spaces with permafrost soil that is not flooded by sea or river waters. Tunedra is located north of the taiga zone. By the nature of the surface of the tundra are swampy, peaty, rocky.
Taiga Taiga biome dominated by coniferous forests, formed as a rule by boreal species of spruce, fir, larch and, of course, pine. And yet the taiga is one of the geographical subzones of the northern zone. The area of the taiga is 15 million km 2. In the Russian Federation, the greatest landscape zone is the taiga. About 300 species of birds nest in it. Among them: capercaillie, nutcracker, crossbills, common hazel grouse and a few species of owls and woodpeckers. Taiga is divided into 2 types: light coniferous and dark coniferous.
broad-leaved and mixed forests The zone of mixed and broad-leaved forests is located only in the west and east of the mainland. Broad-leaved trees are more thermophilic; they do not exist in the taiga. Soils are more fertile than podzols. The most typical trees are oak and beech. Mixed and especially broad-leaved forests are heavily cut down. Many plants and animals are listed in the Red Book.
Steppe and forest-steppe There are no trees in the steppes. The main obstacle to the development of trees is the lack of water, the low level of groundwater and the salinity of steppe soils. Therefore, forests are found in floodplains, they are called uryons. Now you can see the steppe only in reserves. In the unplowed areas of the steppes, their natural cover is severely disturbed, the main reason is the long-term grazing of livestock.
Deserts and semi-deserts A desert is a natural zone characterized by a flat surface, sparseness or absence of flora and specific fauna. There are sandy, rocky, clayey, saline deserts. Snowy deserts are distinguished separately. The most famous sandy Sahara desert, which occupies the entire northern part African continent. Semi-deserts are close to deserts, also related to extreme landscapes
