According to the species composition is richer. Indicate what measures can be used to protect animals
a) Terek; b) Amur; c) Kuban.
B) What numbers on the map are indicated:
a) River Irtysh;
b) the Indigirka River;
c) Vitim River;
d) the Yana River;
e) Lake Baikal; e) the Don River;
g) Lake Ladoga.
Animal and floral world of Russia
| 1 option | Option 2 |
|
|
| 1.P. species composition richer: a) world of plants b) the world of animals | 1. In the representatives of the animal world in the species composition richer: a) insects b) fish c) amphibious and reptiles d) mammals |
| 2.Lemnings-representatives of fauna: a) forests b) tundra c) steppes d) desert | 2.k the animal world of the steppes include: a) drop b) roe of roe) strepts g) gophers |
| 3. To the number of main commercial fur the animals do not apply: A) Sandscent b) otter c) protein d) fox | 3. For the preservation and breeding of a sable, a reserve was created: a) Kandalakski b) Galichi Mountain c) Barguzinsky d) Astrakhan |
| 4. Home Forest Product is: a) Drug raw materials b) Nuts c) Wood) Mushrooms | 4.In tundra do not live: A) lemming b) sands c) white bears d) northern deer |
| 5. SERITORIES, on which the entire natural complex is guarded, and exclude any kind economic activity called: a) reserve b) national Park C) Reserve | 5. And endangered species of Kazakhstan: a) Red Country Case B) Berkut C) Pink Chaika d) Dikusha D) White crane (Sterch) |
| 6. Rare and endangered species in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan: a) Venuene Bashmachka b) Drug Chamomile C) Buttercore Crash D) Red Currant | 6 Endemics deserts and semi-deserts: a) Viguka b) Putuok c) Steppe turtle d) Pre-Caucasian hamster |
| 2.We offer offers | |
| 7. Plant community With predominance coniferous trees - | 7. A flame community that is formed in excessive humidification conditions, short cool summer and strong winds - |
| 8. The territory where constantly or temporarily prohibited separate species economic activity, not the entire natural complex is protected, but only individual components - | 8. These resources are divided into vegetable and animal resources - |
| 9. The vegetable community consisting of dissemination, is formed on black soils with insufficient moisture - | 9. Natural resourceswhich uses a man in economic activity - |
Soil resources of Russia
Exercise 1
Installing compliance:
| Founder of science "Soil Science" | but | Fertility | |
| Upper, loose, fertile layer of land | B. | Recultivation | |
| Events aimed at raising soil fertility | in | Chernozem | |
| The soil formed in the conditions of excessive moisturizing and low temperatures | G. | The soil | |
| "Tsar" soil | D. | Soil resources | |
| The main property of the soil | E. | Tundrovo Gley Soil | |
| Soil restoration | J. | Melioration | |
| Part land resourcesused in rural and forestry | Z. | V.V. Dokuchaev | |
| The territory of the country where roads, cities are built, etc. | and | Brown and brown semi-desert soils | |
| Soils formed in high temperatures and insufficient moisture | to | Land resources |
Task 2.
Carefully read the text. Insert the missed words. In response, write down only missed words, observing the specified numbering.
The rock on which the soil is formed is called (1) the rock. The process of soil formation is very (2), for a hundred years, approximately (3) soil is formed. The first set the pattern in the distribution of soil (4). Most of Russia is located in the forest area, where (5), in the Taiga (6), in mixed forests (7) is formed in Taiga (6), wide forests (8) and in the forest-steppe zone (9). The main enemy of the soil is (10). The soil sincecrall is affectionately called " kormilitsa. "
Water resources of Russia (2 options)
1. Specify rivers that belong to the pool Pacific Ocean:
a) Lena, Indigirka, Kama b) Oka, Neva, Terek
c) Kamchatka, Anadyr, Amur d) Kuban, Irtysh, Ishim
2. From climate depends:
a) flow rate b) river mode c) flow direction
3. Border Lake of Russia:
a) Baikal b) Onega c) Khanka d) Chan.
4. A short-term rise in the water level in the river, caused by entering the river of abundant precipitation:
a) flood b) flood c) flood
5. Rivers dominate in our country:
a) with summer floors; b) with flooding mode; c) with spring floors;
6. The ministry of the rivers of Russia has mixed nutrition with a predominance:
a) rain b) snow c) underground d) glacial
7. Mountain glaciers are distributed on:
a) the Caucasus; b) southern Urals; c) Plateau Puratorna; d) Vasyugania.
but. prohibit
b. Strict Time and Hunting Rules
in. Creating reserves, reserves, national Parks
g. Close all plants
57.The view of the composition is richer:
but. World of Plants
b. animal world
58. In the representatives of the animal world in the species composition richer:
but. insects
in. Amphibian and reptiles
mammals
5Elemming representatives of fauna:
b. Tundra
in. steppes
mr. Desert
60.k, the animal world of the steppes relate:
b. roe
in. Strept
g. Susliki
61. To the number of main commercial fur the animals do not apply:
lisitsa
62. For the preservation and breeding of a sable Created a reserve:
but. Kandalaksha
b. Galich Mount
in. Barguzi
astrakhansky
63.The area of \u200b\u200bthe forest is:
but. Drug raw materials
in. wood
64.In tundra do not live:
but. Lemmings
in. White bears
north deer
65. The engineering on which the entire natural complex is protected, and any type of economic activity is possible:
but. reserve
b. National Park
in. reserve
66.Things and disappearing Tundra:
but. Church of Kazarka
in. Pink Chaika
dikusha
d. White crane (Sterch)
67.Endemics desert and semi-desert:
but. viper
b. Putuk
in. Steppe turtle
g. Precaucasian hamster
68.Things and endangered types of forests (mixed, wide, monsoon mixed):
but. Kulik-shoveling
C) spotted deer
69. 30. Inquiry, the life of which is completely dependent on the conditions ambient:
but. homework
in. Hollow Year
70. Hoofing animal inhabiting in the forest:
but. bear
71. The animals of which are completely dependent on humans:
but. homework
in. Semondiki
72. Animals that feed exclusively by other animals:
but. Herbivores
b. predatory
in. omnivorous
73. Animals eating and plants, and other animals:
but. Herbivores
b. carnivore
in. omnivorous
74. Predatory cat inhabiting in our country:
b. cheetah
in. panther
75. An extinct cow called in honor of the scientist who described it:
but. Kostroma
b. Stellerova
in. Holmogorsk
76. Wild relative of a home pig:
but. capybar
77. Wild ancestor of the domestic cow:
but. Sheby
78. One of the forms of protecting natural sites:
but. deforestation
b. reserve
in. Landing forest
79. Sanitary among animals:
80. 30. Inquiry, the life of which is completely dependent on environmental conditions:
but. homework
in. Hollow Year
81. Hoofed animal living in the forest:
but. bear
82. The animals of which are completely dependent on humans:
but. homework
in. Semondiki
83. Animals that feed exclusively by other animals:
but. Herbivores
b. predatory
in. omnivorous
84. Animals eating and plants, and other animals:
but. Herbivores
b. carnivore
in. omnivorous
85. Predatory cat inhabiting in our country:
b. cheetah
in. panther
86. Extinct cow, named after the scientist who described it:
but. Kostroma
b. Stellerova
in. Holmogorsk
87. Wild relative of a home pig:
but. capybar
88. Wild ancestor of the domestic cow:
but. Sheby
89.The items themselves get food themselves, they are protected from enemies, the housing is built, they care about the offspring they are called ...
but. homework
in. Indoor
90.Insite, which feed only by other animals, are called:
but. Herbivores
b. predatory
in. omnivorous
91. Emphasize the names of the birds in our places:
sparrow, Grach, Tit, Swan, Swallow, Heron
92. Here, the group in which only mammals are listed:
but. chimpanzee, dog, horse
b. Cat, chicken, giraffe
in butterfly, dragonfly, ant
cherepakh, Crocodile, Octopus
93.The consumers, about which animal there is speech:
This animal knows how to build on the rivers and streams of the dam, paving the channels in the forest. Toll trees, builds huts for housing. Finding aspen or IVA, tips it from all sides and the tree will fall. From the fallen tree, the animal diligently separates the branches, glorifies them on the water to his hatch and folds into big heaps. So the animal is in store for winter products. ________________________
94. Animals are:
95. Animals - Life that is completely dependent on a person, are called ...
but. homework
in. Indoor
96. Animals, eating and plants, and other animals:
but. Herbivores
b. predatory
in. omnivorous
97.G. - this is:
but. beasts, insects, snakes, plants, mushrooms, microbes;
b. birds, beasts, fish, lizards, turtles, worms;
in. Birds, beasts, man, insects, plants, mushrooms.
98. Stress on domestic bird names:
chicken, Crane, Swan, Duck, Crow, Turkey, Pigeon
Indicate the group in which only pets are listed
but. Osa, Wolf, Beaver, Hare
b. goat, turkey, fox, jackal
in sheep, cow, chicken, dog
elephant, Rabbit, Giraffe, Bee
100. Determine what the animal is we talking about:
This beast has a lot of enemies, but the hunner does not know how to hide from them. His nose and sensitive ears are depructure, fast legs and inconspicuous fur coat are saved. The eyes of the beast "oblique" - they see not only ahead and to the sides, but even a little back look. Incapper, this animal head does not twist because his ears can turn into different directions. In the fall, the animal lins: it turns out of gray in the snow-white. _______________
What are animals called, which people are bred and use in the farm?
but. Indoor
b. homework
in. Cultural
but. Self
b. Forest
in. horse
but. eggs, meat, fluff, feathers
b. Meat, skins, wool, eggs
in. Eggs, meat, milk, feathers
b. Deer, Cow, Sheep, Goat
in. goat, sheep, downtown, horse
Choose products that a person gets from a cow.
but. milk, cheese, fluff, skins
b. Cottage cheese, sour cream, fat, feathers
in. meat, milk, skins, kefir
Find a wild bird.
but. crow
b. hen
in. turkey
Find home insect
What decorative birds are people bodied?
but. Sparrow
b. Pigeon
in. crow
Find a pet that man does not harness in Sani.
b. cow
in. horse
Which group of animals is Triton?
but. Amphibian.
b. Reptiles.
Why do some animals enter the Red Book?
but. They do not know how to defend themselves.
b. They are rare and disappearing.
in. They are very beautiful.
113. Which group of animals is KIT?
but. Reptiles.
in. Mammals.
114. Suppose. What group of animals is we talking about?
The body is covered with skin with dry scales or shell -
but. Amphibian.
b. Reptiles.
in. Fish.
115. Suppose. The body is covered with scales and mucus -
What animal belongs to the nutrition protein?
but. Predators.
b. Herbivores.
in. Omnivorous
Find the beast, which is listed in the Red Book.
g. Polar Bear.
118. Find an extra animal.
b. Penguin.
in. Bat.
gull.
119. An animal has 6 legs, the body is divided into head, chest and abdomen.
but. Spider-shaped.
b. Insects.
in. Reptiles.
120. Choose the names of the winter birds.
but. Swallow.
b. Bullfinch.
121. What animals are predatory?
but. hare
b. a fox
in. deer
122. What animals are called home?
but. all animals who live next to man
b. animals whom a person breeds and uses for his needs
in. all animals from which a person gets food
123. What is the power supply circuit correctly?
but. Soyku - Justice Oak - Hawk
b. Oak Justice - Hawk - Coyuka
in. Oak Justice - Soyuch - Hawk
124. What is the name of animals that people are bred and use in the economy?
but. Indoor
b. homework
in. Cultural
What is the name of the animals that themselves make their own food, arrange housing, bring offspring?
but. Self
b. Forest
Find an animal from which a person does not get wool.
in. horse
Choose products that a person gets from chickens.
but. eggs, meat, fluff, feathers
b. Meat, skins, wool, eggs
in. Eggs, meat, milk, feathers
Find a group in which only horned cattle is named.
but. horse, camel, cow, sheep
b. Deer, Cow, Sheep, Goat
in. goat, sheep, downtown, horse
1) Recompoint Botany and Zoology courses, as plants and animals are adapted to the habitat.
Animals adapt to the habitat using special covers, wool and feathers, masking color, the presence of defensive needles and claws, shells. The device is both biological rhythms, seasonal migrations. Plants form specific forms, various modifications of leaves, stems, roots. Fall Fall - Adaptation to the Cold Season.
2) What primarily affects plants and animals?
The placement of plants and animals is primarily affected by the climate.
Questions in paragraph
* Think with what continents and countries are similar animal world our country.
The floral and animal world of our country is very diverse. It is similar to the animal world of the mainland North America (Canada, USA). Also, the vegetable and animal world of Russia is similar to the vegetation and animal world of neighboring countries.
* Think than to explain the small growth of plants in the tundra and the desire of most plants to shave on the ground. What kind of tree species form the northern border of the forest in Russia and why?
Small growth of plants is explained by the harsh climatic conditions and insufficient food, overlooking. Under these conditions, MAY and lichens are more often growing. Trees have dwarf shapes. The plain territory and the absence of forests determine the strengthening of wind speed, so most plants are raised on the ground.
The northern border of forests in Russia form conifers resistant to cold weather - pines and larchs.
Questions at the end of the paragraph
1. What is richer in the species composition - vegetable or animal world of Russia?
According to the species composition, the animal world is richer.
2. What affects the placement of vegetation?
Natural conditions are influenced by natural conditions - climate, soil.
3. What are the main types of vegetation of our country?
Main types of vegetation - vegetation arctic desert, TundR, forests, steppes, deserts.
4. How are animals adapted to life in brazed zones? In forests?
An animal flameshed territories are usually small, so in the deserts, the steppes dominate the rodents, birds, reptiles. Animals possess a masking color. Large animals - more often hoofs - quickly run. Forest animals are very diverse. They are adapted to live on tiers in accordance with the longline of plants. Animals have a patronage or dismembering color, know how to run or climb.
- Remember Botany and Zoology courses, like plants and animals are adapted to the habitat.
- What primarily affects plants and animals?
The vegetable and animal world is often called "wildlife", thereby emphasizing the role of these components in the biosphere. Exactly nature First of all, the beauty of the landscape personifies for us. Love for wildlife enriches our lives, inspires artists, poets, composers, raises humane feelings in people. Caring "About the brothers of our smaller" is the indicator of human morality.
It is believed that the main thing in the wilderness is vegetation. There are even names about her natural zones - Taiga, steppe, etc. But the world of animals is richer in the species composition. In our country there are up to 130 thousand species of animals (of which up to 90 thousand insects), and higher Plants Total about 18 thousand. Interestingly, among the representatives of the plant world, the types of grassy plants are dominated - their many thousands, whereas the types of trees a little more than 500.
Among the representatives of the animal world, the championship hold insects. Vertems, especially terrestrial, in the fauna of Russia are significantly less. Numerous fish, their more than 1450 species.
Very few amphibians and reptiles are only 160 species. The variety of birds is expressed (with all the ones during seasonal flights) in order of 710. About 350 species live in the mammals in our country.
The composition and abundance of living organisms strongly affected human activity. As a result, some species have sharply reduced their number, and some are even completely exterminated.
At the same time, there are species, artificially introduced into our flora and fauna, such as American ondatra, raccoon, mink, etc., and among plants tea bush, bamboo.
The vegetable and animal world of our country is very diverse. The appearance and composition of the vegetable and animal world of our country, like the entire planet, is determined by two main factors: physico-geographical differences between the regions - a different mode of light, temperature and humidity, the nature of the soil, the features of the relief - and the geological history of the territory.
Changing the face of the Earth during the geological evolution, its surface and climate, the appearance and disappearance of continental relations was the reason that the processes of the speciation went differently in different regions. In the placement of representatives of certain types of plants and animals, regularities are traced, due to the latitudinal zonality and high-dimensional explanation.
Think with what continents and countries are similar to the plant and animal world of our country.
But all these differences are explained not only modern conditions. And plants and animals carry in their appearance and spread features inherited from the distant past. From Central Asia, desert-steppe groups of plants and animals came to us. From Alaska on Far East North-American coniferous penetrated. The specific features of our Far Eastern Flora are combined with the originality of the Manchuro-Chinese fauna.
On the vegetable and animal world of Russia, the influence of quaternary glaciation was great.
The main types of vegetation of Russia Includes vegetation of arctic deserts, tundras, forests, steppes, deserts.
The vegetation of the Arctic desert does not form solid cover. Separate spots of lichens, individual plants stems are replaced with bare parts.
Sigor climatic conditions Tundra ( low temperatures, big roof of the territory, long-term Merzlota, strong winds) Determine the features of the vegetation cover the tundra. Mossi, lichens, low shrubs prevail here; Characteristic and lack of forest. Typical representatives of the tundra vegetation - Lichen Yagel ("Deer Moss"), green moss, lingonberry, polar poppy, dwarf birch, Polar Iva.
Think than to explain the small growth of plants in the tundra and the desire to shame them on the ground. What breeds form the northern forest border in Russia and why?
Fig. 60. Typical representatives of the woody vegetation of Russia
In moderate belt, the forest vegetation of Russia is common, represented by dark-haired forests of ate and fir in the north, taiga cedar larch forests in Siberia, mixed forests From ate, pine, aspen, birch, etc. in the middle strip and wide forests in the southern regions of this zone.
On the map (Fig. 60), determine the typical representatives of the vegetable world of the forest zone of Russia. Recompons from the Botany course, as adapted to the harsh frosts of the taiga plants.
The steppe zone in its virgin form, not affected by the agricultural activities of a person, is a sea of \u200b\u200bherbal vegetation. The most common in the steppe kickle, Ticacher, Tononog, the mass of other flowering plants. Since the steppes are located in the area with insufficient moisture, representatives of grassy vegetation well transfer the lack of moisture in the soil.
In semi-deserts and deserts moderate belt The conditions are the least favorable for the existence of plants and animals than in the steppe, therefore, as in the Arctic deserts, the solid cover of vegetation is not formed here. The vegetation of the desert is well adapted to drought: the leaves of many plants turned into spines, evapulting the minimum moisture, the roots of branched and very long. Various types of wormwood and soyankas prevail.
Variety of animal world of Russia. The animal world of the Arctic desert is mainly associated with the sea. Frustry, seals are common here, polar bear, Many bird bazaars. In Tundra, the number of land animals increases slightly, although there is a small number of their species: lemming, hare-white, wolf, sandy, white partridge, Polar owl, reindeer. Huge flocks of migratory birds arrive in the tundra in the summer. Especially numerous waterfowl poultry: geese, ducks, swans.
In the taiga from predators there are a bear, wolf, lynx; from hoofs - elk, boar; Among rodents, protein predominate, the chipmunk; From the fur - the cuckor, sable. In large forests, the number of ungulates increases: deer, roar, moose. More diverse than in a taiga, birds: Drozda, Tetherov, etc.
Fig. 61. Typical representatives of the animal world of Russia
In the steppe, the number of birds increases even more. Many birds nesting on Earth. Some of them are powered by plants (quail), others and plants and insects (Drop, Strept, Lark), third - predators, eating insects and small rodents (Steppe Kestrak, Steppe Eagle). In the steppe a lot of rodents - gophers, hamsters, mouse-pools. Having bought large grain reserves for the winter in their minks, they cause significant damage to agriculture.
From large animals in the steppes there are ungulates - saigas, saving from enemies with the help of rapid feet.
In the animal world, the deserts prevail the reptiles (lizards, snakes), quickly moving hoofs (Jajaran, saigas, kulans), rodents (tushcans). From birds are common larks, skates, desert sparrow, drop.
Fig. 62. Commercial animals of Russia
Plants and animals are perfectly adapted to their habitats. For example, in our forests, birch and spruce are adjacent. Birchs contribute to the growth of the tepeless young fir trees under its canopy, and then the growing faces left without light helps them grow birch ... Trees in the forests, herbs in the steppes, stabel and cryproin in the tundra - all these examples of the perfect plant tool to the habitat.
Vary by appearance and fitness to the same conditions and animals - flying, running, climbing floating.
Birch
The White Birch Birch has long enough to personify Russian nature, Russia. The image of the Russian birch makes many wonderful poets and artists.
Birchs reach a height of 10-25 m (maximum 45), the diameter of the barrel - 25-120 cm (maximum to 150).
Bark Berez (Beresta) in many species white. This is the only breed in the world with snow-white bark. Birch life expectancy - from 40 to 120 years. Flowering from 8-15 years old, in plantings, from 20-30 years old and almost annual.
Birch of light-loving, successfully grows in various climatic conditions, Frost-resistant, transfers many years of marzlot, drought-resistant, is unable to fertility and soil moisture, therefore it is also found on stony, and on poor sandy soils, and on peatlands. Birch comes far to the north and south, rises high in the mountains. One of the first it settles on pine-fir cuts. In the spring of birches, one of the first awakens in the forest: it still lies the snow, and about her already protaly, on the tree Nabuchi orange earrings ... And in the fall, the birch is among the first in a hurry to put on a beautiful golden dress ...
Brown bear
Brown bear is a mammal family of bear detachments of predatory. This is a large animal: body length up to 2.5 m, height in withers to 135 cm, weight up to 450 kg. The largest bears are found in our country in Kamchatka and Sakhalin. Limbs with strong dull claws. Fur thick, long. Coloring one-photon. The bear lives in various forests, preferring taiga, especially spruce. Food is dominated by vegetable food: cedar nuts, flashes, beech nuts, acorns, all kinds of berries, wild fruits, green parts of plants; Bears also tall fish and insects. Sometimes the bear attacks wild unfortunate animals and livestock. Damage to people by visiting oats, corn, fruit gardens, apiary.
For the winter hides in Berloga and flows into the winter hibernation. In January - February in Berorga, the Medveditsa appear beabling, usually two-three.
The most numerous bears in Kamchatka, Primorye, Yakutia, in the mountains of Siberia, in the north-west of the European part of Russia. The bear has become a symbol of the animal world of Russia. For a long time, the shape of the bear is present in various coat of arms. The most striking example of this can be the coat of arms of the city of Yaroslavl.
Questions and tasks
- What is richer in the species composition - a vegetable or animal world of Russia?
- What affects the placement of vegetation?
- Name the main types of vegetation of our country.
- How adapted animals to life in flameshed zones; in forests?
- Practical work number 7. Preparation of the forecast of changes in plant and animal world with the change in other components of the natural complex.
Analyze the vegetable and animal world of this natural complex. How did plants and animals adapted to the features of the relief, climate, moisturizing the territory?
Who first react to changes in natural complex: Plants or animals?
How will the vegetable and animal world change with the change of other components of the natural complex?