Australia: Natural zones. Lesson Natural Areas of Australia Plan-abstract lesson in geography (Grade 7) on the topic Natural complexes of Australia on the map
Australia, along with Africa, is a continent on which natural zonality is clearly expressed. When moving from north to south, natural zones of Australia Gradually replace. This is due to change temperature mode, as well as with a change in the number of drop-down precipitation.
Landscape and Savannah Australia correspond. On ferretical red soils, as well as on red-brown soils, not only herbs, but also eucalyptus, acacia, bottle trees, as well as casuarines - shrubs and trees having filamentous branches without leaves. Due to the fact that the small sprigs of this plant fall out during the year, they are formed with a needle-like cover, hence the similarity of this plant with coniferous trees.
In the east of the continent there are wet and variable-wet rainforestsThis is due to the conditions of uniform moisture. Eucalyptus, palm trees, ficuses, etc. grow there. In this climatic zone live: womb, kangaroo, silent musicals. On the shores of numerous lakes dwells a large number of birds.
The largest area of \u200b\u200bthe area, of course, occupy deserts and semi-deserts. There are scrubs in this zone - they threw dry shrubs, and low-spirited barbed acacia. Also on this area you can meet eucalyptus and fine cereals. Some desert squares that are covered with spinifex - evergreen perennial rigid cereals, and shrubs, are used as pastures. Giant kangaroo, echidna and a large number of reptiles.
In the south of the mainland, subtropical forests are located, in which the evergreen beech, eucalyptus, etc. occupy a large part.
The desert itself is. It is here that the amazing animal lives, australian lizard with spikes - Moloch. The second name of the Moloch is the "Spiny Devil". Its feature is that the whole body, from the nose to the tip of the tail is covered with powerful spikes. With threatening appearance, the dimensions of the lizard are completely small, it reaches 10-12 cm long, and its weight does not exceed 100 grams.
The color of the body of the Australian lizard with spikes is able to change depending on external conditions. It happens for disguise, and spikes to some extent serve for the same purpose. If the predator can remove the lizard, it can block a large amount of air, and blow like a ball covered with large spikes. Such a transformation often scares predators, which allows the lizard to survive.
Natural zones Australia (grade 7) is one of the most interesting topics school geography. After all, for this continent, despite its minor sizes, a very rich natural variety is characterized. This article presents a brief description of all natural areas of the mainland.
What is a natural zone? Formation of natural zones
Natural (or physico-geographical) zone is part geographic shellFor which its own set of natural components and conditions is characteristic. Any natural zone includes a number structural components, namely:
- climate features;
- relief form;
- inland waters;
- soil;
- flor and fauna.
All these components are in close cooperation with each other, and each of the natural zones, the nature of these links will be different.
The main factor that affects the formation and distribution of natural zones on the planet is the ratio of the resulting moisture and heat. This ratio will be different depending on the latitude of the terrain. On the natural zonality Other factors affect both the factors (for example, the nature and complexity of the relief, proximity to the ocean, etc.), but the key factor is still climatic.
On each of the mainland of our planet there is a set of natural zones. Not exceptions here and Australia. Natural zones of this continent, namely their distribution, differs significantly from subshirot. The reason for this is a minor size of the mainland, as well as the presence of a powerful and stretched from the north to the south of the mountain system in the east of the continent of Australia.
Natural mainland zones, as well as their territorial distribution are displayed on the following map:
Natural Areas of Australia: Table
In order to visually present the physico-geographical zoning of Australia, we bring to your attention the following table.
| Natural zones | Climate type | Typical representatives of Flora | Typical representatives of fauna |
| Zone of constantly wet forests |
|
|
|
| The zone of evergreen of severe forests | Subtropical (Mediterranean) |
|
|
| Savannan Zone and Head Falls | Sub-screen and tropical |
|
|
| Desert and semi-desert zone | Tropical (continental) |
|
|
Australia: Natural zones and their brief description
The largest area in Australia is the desert zone and semi-deserts located in tropical belt. For this zone, a low amount of precipitation is characteristic and their extremely high evaporation. Therefore, the vegetation of the Australian desert is very poor. Quite often you can observe extensive salt crusts covering significant territories.
East zone deserts and semi-desert replaces more wet zone Savannan and tropical chast faces. In this natural zone vegetable world It is already much richer, but the lack of moisture is noticeable here.
Oriental outskirts of Australia, as you know, takes a mountain system - a large waterproof ridge - the most important landscape barrier on the mainland. It was on his slopes that two natural zones of the forest type were formed. Between the 15th and 28th degrees of South latitude there is a zone of evergreen forests, and the zone of constantly wet forests extends the north of the 15th degree. The altitude explanation on this continent is clearly traced only in the Australian Alps.
Finally
So, we found out that within the smallest mainland, the planet allocate four natural belts.
The Natural Areas of Australia is a zone of constantly wet forests, an evergreen zone of severe forests, a savanna zone and a steady, as well as the desert zone and semi-desert. Each of them is distinguished by its geographical features (soil, vegetable world, fauna representatives).
Australian expanses
It is located under us
There obviously, go up legs,
There inside out the revealed year,
There are blooming in October gardens,
There in October, and not in July summer,
There are rivers without water,
(they flow in the wilderness somewhere
There in the thickets traces of fearless birds,
There cats in food get snakes
Born animals from eggs,
And there the dogs do not know how
There rabbits are scary than flooding
"... This region is the most curious on the whole globe! His emergence, plants, animals, climate - all this surprised, surprises and will surprise the scientists of the whole world.
... Mainland, where the trees are not losing the leaves every year, but a bark; where the leaves are addressed to the Sun surface, and the edge and do not give shadows; where the trees are low, and the herbs are giant embroidered; where animals are unusual; where four-legged beaks, for example, in the echidna and cliffs; Where in a jumper kangaroo paws of different lengths ... the most fancy, the most illogical country of all ever existed! Land paradoxical
disproving laws of nature. " So described by Australia one of the heroes of J. Verne in the novel "Children of Captain Grant"
1. Australia - the smallest mainland of the Earth.
2. The mainland is completely located in the southern hemisphere.
3. There are no acting volcanoes.
4. Australia - the most arid mainland. It gets precipitation 5 times less than Africa, and 8 times less than South America.
5. About half of its area occupy deserts and semi-deserts.
6. In the color of the continent, reddish is predominant - brown tones.
7. All mainland occupies one state.
8. Australia later was populated and mastered by Europeans.
9. Australia is located in 3 climatic beltsx (subequatorial, tropical, subtropical).
10. Australia - the mainland through which the southern tropic passes.
12. Australia is the mainland of relict and animal and plants that have survived from past geological eras.
Objects were distributed correctly. Air North 2Darling
3m. York
4.Murray
5.O. Timor.
6. Oh. Tasmania
7.P. Victoria 8.central bottom 9.m. Bayron.
10.B. Sand desert
11. Like Karpenary
12.P-in Arnheneland
13.m. Step-Point
14.m. Southeastern
What is a natural zone? What natural zones are you known? What does the placement of natural zones depend on?
ROCKS
LIVING ORGANISMS
Natural zone is a regular combination of nature components on a certain flat territory.
- Learn the features of the PZ Australia:
- determine which natural zones are represented in Australia; familiarize yourself with the most vivid representatives organic World Australia.
- determine which natural zones are represented in Australia;
- read the most vivid representatives of the organic world of Australia.
Fill out a table:
Name of PZ.
Plants
Animals
Scrab
Solonsy
Eucalyptus
Height: up to 100m
Life forms: trees, shrubs.
More than 500 species.
Trees savannah
Bottle tree
Joke of nature
Motherland of Utokosov - Eastern Australia. Animals lead a nightlife. Most of the time they feed on the bottom of their pond. On the shores, deep holes are digging with two long narrow corridors leading under water. Can move fairly quickly. In the last century, it was mercilessly hunted on the clocks on the clocks because of their wonderful velvety fur and, probably, would have destroyed at all if the Australian authorities did not take them under protection.
Echidn but
Wavy parrots
Most often in the apartments you can find an unpretentious wavy parrot. Wild representatives of the type of green. Lovers of ornamental birds brought yellow, blue, white parrots, even crumb and "giants", which are one and a half times more wild. Wavy parrots learned to say separate phrases, read poems, sing (one parrot learned the romance "Black").
Reflection (self-analysis) activities
TARGET:
Learn the features of the PZ Australia
Lestenka Success
- Corinskaya V.A., Sushina I.V., Schenshev V.A. Geography of continigs and oceans. Tutorial for grade 7. - M.: Drop, 2011
- The vegetation of Australia // Arid vegetation of the world http. :// geobotany.narod.ru/australia_02.htm.
- Photos natural landscapes and natural-territorial complexes of Australia and New Zealand http. :// www.ecosystema.ru/08nature/world/index-australia.htm.
The presence of natural zones on the mainland and their placement directly depend on climatic belts. Based on the fact that Australia is considered the most arid continent, it becomes clear that there can be no longer a wide variety here. But in Australia, Australia has the extraordinary uniqueness of the plant and animal world.
Many deserts and few forests
In well traced zonality. This is due to the prevailing flat nature of the relief. Australian natural zones gradually replace each other in a meridional direction after changing the temperature and amount of precipitation.
Crossing the mainland is almost in the middle, and most of its territory is in a hot tropical climatic belt, which makes the climate arid. By the number of drop-down annual precipitation, Australia is among all the continents in the last place. Most of its territory during the year receives only 250 mm precipitation. In many areas of the continent, no rain drops for several years.
Australia, whose natural zones share the continent into three parts, in the east and west has several zones stretched along the coast, where the amount of precipitation is noticeably more. The mainland is in the first place in the relative area of \u200b\u200bthe desert areas and in the last place on the forest area. In addition, only 2% of forests of Australia has an industrial importance.
Features of natural zones
Located in a subequatorial climatic belt. Grass predominate in vegetation, among which acacia, eucalyptus, bottle trees grow.
In the east of the continent, in conditions of sufficient moisture, there are such natural zones of Australia as wet-neutropic forests. Among the palm trees, ficuses and tree ferns are inhabited by the behavings, kangaroo.
The natural zones of Australia differ from similar territories on other continents. For example, semi-deserts and occupy huge areas on the mainland - almost 44% of its territory. In the Australian deserts you can meet unusual thickets of dry barbed shrubs called scrubs. Plots of semi-deserts, crouched cereal plants and shrubs, are used as sheep pastures. There are large sandy deserts that differ from the deserts of other continents in that there are no oasis.
In the south-eastern part and in the south-west of the continent there are subtropical forests in which eucalyptus and evergreen beech are growing.
Originality of organic world
Flora Australia, thanks to long-term isolation from other continents, has a large number of endemics plants. Almost 75% of them can be seen only here and anywhere else. More than 600 types of eucalyptus, 490 types of acacia and 25 types of Kazaurins are found on the mainland.
Animal world is even more peculiar. Among the animals endemics make up almost 90%. Only in Australia can be found mammals, which in other continents disappeared a long time ago, for example, the echidna and water - ancient primitive animals.
The Natural Areas of Australia (Grade 7) is one of the most interesting topics of school geography. After all, for this continent, despite its minor sizes, a very rich natural variety is characterized. This article presents a brief description of all natural areas of the mainland.
What is a natural zone? Formation of natural zones
Natural (or physico-geographical) zone is part of the geographic shell, which is characterized by its set of natural components and conditions. Any natural zone includes a number of structural components, namely:
- climate features;
- relief form;
- inland waters;
- soil;
- flor and fauna.
All these components are in close cooperation with each other, and each of the natural zones, the nature of these links will be different.
The main factor that affects the formation and distribution of natural zones on the planet is the ratio of the resulting moisture and heat. This ratio will be different depending on the latitude of the terrain. Other factors affect natural zonality (for example, the nature and complexity of the relief, proximity to the ocean, etc.), but the key factor is still climatic.
On each of the mainland of our planet there is a set of natural zones. Not exceptions here and Australia. Natural zones of this continent, namely their distribution, differs significantly from subshirot. The reason for this is a minor size of the mainland, as well as the presence of a powerful and stretched from the north to the south of the mountain system in the east of the continent of Australia.
Natural mainland zones, as well as their territorial distribution are displayed on the following map:
Natural Areas of Australia: Table
In order to visually present the physico-geographical zoning of Australia, we bring to your attention the following table.
| Natural zones | Climate type | Typical representatives of Flora | Typical representatives of fauna |
| Zone of constantly wet forests |
|
|
|
| The zone of evergreen of severe forests | Subtropical (Mediterranean) |
|
|
| Savannan Zone and Head Falls | Sub-screen and tropical |
|
|
| Desert and semi-desert zone | Tropical (continental) |
|
|
Australia: Natural zones and their brief description
The largest largest area in Australia is the desert zone and semi-desert, located in a tropical belt. For this zone, a low amount of precipitation is characteristic and their extremely high evaporation. Therefore, the vegetation of the Australian desert is very poor. Quite often you can observe extensive salt crusts covering significant territories.
Eastern desert zone and semi-desert replaces the widest zone of Savannan and tropical chast faces. In this natural zone, the floral world is much richer, but the lack of moisture is noticeable here.
Oriental outskirts of Australia, as you know, takes a mountain system - a large waterproof ridge - the most important landscape barrier on the mainland. It was on his slopes that two natural zones of the forest type were formed. Between the 15th and 28th degrees of South latitude there is a zone of evergreen forests, and the zone of constantly wet forests extends the north of the 15th degree. The altitude explanation on this continent is clearly traced only in the Australian Alps.
Finally
So, we found out that within the smallest mainland, the planet allocate four natural belts.
The Natural Areas of Australia is a zone of constantly wet forests, an evergreen zone of severe forests, a savanna zone and a steady, as well as the desert zone and semi-desert. Each of them is distinguished by its geographical features (soil, vegetable world, fauna representatives).