Presentation "Unusual mushrooms" (grade 7) in biology - project, report. Presentation on the topic "unusual mushrooms" The most amazing mushrooms presentation
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- A fairly common mushroom in Australia. Has an unpleasant smell, somewhat reminiscent of rotten meat. This smell attracts flies, which are spreading spores of this type of fungi. Calocera viscosa
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- By outward appearance of this fungus, one might think that its habitat is the seabed. The fruit body is elongated, vertical, egg-colored with shades of ocher, sometimes slightly reddening. Calocera sticky reaches 5 - 6 cm in length and up to 1 cm in diameter. Fruiting bodies of the colony willingly grow together at the base and continue to grow in a small "bush". The fungus grows in large colonies, less often one by one, on the remains of rotten wood. From the point of view of edibility, there are different opinions about gummy calocera, some sources consider it edible, but they are silent about its possible processing, others do not mention it at all in the lists of edible mushrooms. However, Kalocera did not get to the poisonous either. It is believed that due to its small size and rarity, the mushroom never got its place in the culinary range, and is considered inedible.
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- Clavaria pale brown (Clavaria zollingeri) A widespread type of mushroom. It has a tubular purple or pinkish-lilac body that grows up to 10 cm in height and 7 cm in width. Scientists have determined that there are about 1200 types of clavaria, which differ in different shades, ranging from white to bright orange and purple. These mushrooms grow in many places, mainly in tropical areas, and are considered inedible.
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- Azure mushroom (Entoloma hochstetteri) Found in the forests of New Zealand and India. These blue mushrooms may be poisonous, but their toxicity is poorly understood. It acquired its distinctive blue color thanks to the azulin pigment contained in the fruit body, which is also found in some marine invertebrates.
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- Geastrum quadrifidum Refers to raincoat mushrooms that can be found in various locations and elevations around the world. This unusual mushroom changes its appearance after emerging from the ground. Its "rays" bend downward, the round fruiting body rises and releases spores into the air. Grows mostly on sandy soil in deciduous, mixed and coniferous-pine, spruce, pine-spruce and spruce broadleaf forests(among the fallen needles). It is considered inedible due to its bitter taste. In some Indian tribes, this mushroom is known for its medicinal properties, and also according to legend, he predicts the upcoming celestial phenomena.
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- Elastic lobster (Helvella elastica) Grows in moist, rare, mostly deciduous forests, from July to late September, singly or in groups. The cap is two-lobed, saddle-shaped, light yellowish or grayish-brown, whitish or pink underneath, 1.5-4 cm in width and height. Stem up to 7 cm long, 0.2-0.4 cm thick, cylindrical, widened downward, with small and shallow longitudinal grooves, whitish or brownish, smooth. Elastic vane is conventionally edible. It is consumed dried. In boiled form, it can be used only after boiling and removing the broth.
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- Bearded Mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) This mushroom, which looks like noodles or pompom, is known by many names: lion's mane mushroom, bearded tooth mushroom, hedgehog mushroom, etc. At first glance, it does not cause any associations with a mushroom. This edible mushroom grows on both living and dead trees and when cooked resembles seafood in color and texture. It not only tastes good, but is also used in traditional Chinese medicine for antioxidant properties and lowering blood glucose.
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- Bleeding Mushroom (Hydnellum peckii) Quite an original mushroom that can be found on sandy soils in a coniferous forest. The surface of young fruiting bodies is velvety, white, with small tubercles, turns brown with age. Drops of blood-red liquid appear on the upper surface of young specimens. Grows in autumn on the ground in coniferous (spruce and pine) forests. It is inedible due to its strong bitter taste. It can be called differently, but whatever the name, it will necessarily be associated with blood or juice. It can be found in North America, it is most common in the Pacific Northwest and grows mainly in coniferous forests.
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- Blue Miller (Lactarius indigo) A fairly common type of mushroom that grows in the eastern part of North America, East Asia and Central America... It grows on the ground in both deciduous and coniferous forests. The mushroom cap has a diameter of 5 to 15 cm, a denim blue color, a shape that changes over time from convex to funnel-shaped. In young mushrooms, the surface layer is sticky. The leg, which has a height of 2 to 6 cm and a thickness of 1 to 2.5 cm, is cylindrical, thick, denim blue in color, a silvery-gray tint may be present. There is a milky juice of denim blue, changing to green, of a pungent character ... The mushroom is edible and is sold in rural markets in Mexico, Guatemala and China.
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- Canine mutinus (lat.Mutinus caninus). The young mushroom has a pinkish or white color and oval or elongated. It is not recommended to eat it, since it is still not known for sure whether this mushroom is edible or not. Interestingly, the dark top of the mushroom emits a specific smell to attract insects, like cat excrement. When insects gnaw the top of the fungus, it turns orange, and then the entire fruiting body begins to decompose, and after 3-4 days nothing remains of the fungus.
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- Bird's nest (Nidulariaceae) The bird's nest is a fungus belonging to the mold group. The mushroom owes its name to its unusual appearance, reminiscent of a bird's nest with tiny testicles. This form contributes to the favorable distribution of spores: under the pressure of rainwater that has fallen into the nest, the fungus sprays them within a radius of a meter from itself, which allows it to occupy more and more breeding grounds. fern, and sometimes on animal excrement.
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- Astringent panel (Panellus stipticus) Cap 2-4 cm in diameter, kidney-shaped, lateral, light brown, finely scaly or fine-pubescent, with a hairy, slightly curved thin edge. The plates are narrow, frequent, the same color as the cap, or darker. The pulp is thin, leathery, brownish. Stem 0.5-2 cm in height, 0.2-0.6 cm in width, eccentric, thickened upward, solid, of the same color as the cap, pubescent, then smooth. Grows in large groups, growing together with the bases of the legs, on valezha and stumps. April to November. European part Russia, North Caucasus, Siberia, Primorsky Territory. Inedible.
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- Rhodotus palmatus This mushroom is the only member of the genus in the Physalacriaceae family. Not very common. It is found throughout the northern hemisphere: in the east of North America, in north africa, Europe and Asia. In Europe, it is included in many lists of endangered species. It grows on stumps and decaying wood. The fruiting body of mature mushrooms is a characteristic pink color with a mesh pattern on a dense cap. Size, shape and color vary with lighting conditions.
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- Orange tremor (Tremella mesenterica) Consists of smooth, shiny and sinuous lobes. In appearance, the lobes are watery and shapeless, slightly resembling the intestines. The fruit body is approximately 1-4 cm in height. The color of the fruit body varies from almost white to bright yellow or orange. Because of a large number spores located on the surface, the fungus seems whitish. The pulp is gelatinous, but strong, odorless. Like all Tremors, Tremella mesenterica tends to dry out, and after rain, it becomes the same again. Occurs from August to late autumn. Often the fungus persists in winter, forming fruiting bodies with the onset of spring. Grows on dead branches of deciduous trees. If conditions are favorable, it bears fruit very abundantly. It grows both on plains and on mountains. In places with a mild climate, the entire mushroom period can bear fruit. The mushroom is edible, although tasteless, and even has some value, but not in our country. Our mushroom pickers have no idea how to collect this mushroom, how to carry it home and how to cook it so that it does not dissolve.
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- Amber-Brown raincoat Brown raincoat (Lycoperdon umbrinum). This type of fungus grows in China, Europe and North America. These mushrooms do not have an open spore cap. Instead, spores appear internally, in a ball-shaped body. When ripe, the spores form a gleb in the center of the body that has a characteristic color and texture.
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- Mushroom "earthen star" or starfish (lat. Geastrum). When ripe, this mushroom resembles a star in shape with sharp rays downward, and in the center there is a small convex ball - its fruit body, which contains a spore-bearing sac and releases spores into the air. The color of the "earthen star" mushroom is not bright, it grows all over the world, and belongs to raincoat mushrooms. Indian tribes used it for medicinal purposes, and they also believed that the "earthen star" has the ability to predict celestial phenomena.
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- False morel (lat.Gyromitra esculenta). In appearance, this mushroom resembles a brain. False morels are naturally occurring in brown and dark purple colors. When prepared correctly, they are a kind of delicacy. However, raw mushrooms are poisonous, therefore, they require careful heat treatment in preparation. Only a knowledgeable and experienced person should prepare them, otherwise a lethal outcome is possible.
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- Bioluminescent mushroom (lat.Mycena Chlorophos). Luminescence is a distinctive feature of all bioluminescent fungi (71 species of such fungi have now been found). Mushrooms of the species Mycena Chlorophos glow yellow-green in the dark, during the rains. Such a picture of amazing beauty can be observed in Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Brazil and Puerto Rico.
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The kingdom of mushrooms The presentation was prepared by the teacher of the 1st grade "A" GBOU school 237 (SP242) Gronskaya N.N.
The kingdom of mushrooms Lesson number 3 Amazing mushrooms
Amazing Mushrooms Raincoat A young white mushroom-raincoat can be applied to the wound. The blood will stop flowing, the pain will subside. White dung beetle Conditionally edible mushroom. It is eaten only by the young. The dung beetle is called the black-nil mushroom. It can be used to make ink. A signature made with such ink cannot be faked. Tinder fungus If a tinder fungus appears on a tree, it means that the tree is sick. Its mycelium penetrates the wood and destroys it, turning it into dust.
Molds and yeasts Molds and yeasts are microscopic fungi. If there is moisture, heat, nutrients, then they multiply quickly, become visible.
Mold fungi
Penicillin In the early 40s of the last century, the English scientist Alexander Fleming made a famous medicine from a microscopic mold fungus - penicillin.
Mushroom bakers, cheese makers, butter makers. ... ...
Interesting Facts There are a million known types of mushrooms in total, but only 10% of them are classified as edible and poisonous. Mushroom spores for a long time can retain their ability to germinate. They can wait for an opportunity not for a year or two, but for ten or more years - and as soon as the opportunity arises, they can start growing. Sometimes, in the most unexpected places. · It turns out that there are even predatory mushrooms! They feed on worms. · Some mushrooms glow in the dark. · In Switzerland, porcini is not eaten, it is considered inedible. · Mushrooms contain an average of 90% water. · We eat mushrooms every day without even knowing it.
The most beautiful mushrooms in the world
Thank you for your attention!
On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Lesson "Kingdom of mushrooms"
The lesson on the surrounding world "Kingdom of mushrooms" is compiled in accordance with the program of the 2nd grade and contains such a form of work as work in groups. The lesson provides for the use of additional literature ...
Summary of the lesson "The War of Mushrooms and Berries" by V.I. Dahl
Lesson summary Lesson topic: "The war of mushrooms and berries." Russian folk tale in literary processing by V. I. Dahl. The teacher starts ...
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He grew up in a birch forest. Wears a hat on his leg. From above, the sheet stuck to it. Did you find out? It is ... a mushroom
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Edible mushrooms There are about 3000 species of mushrooms in our country. Of these, only about 200 species are edible. Mushrooms are a valuable food product, but this product can be very dangerous if you do not know which mushrooms are edible. The edible mushrooms in pictures are good way to learn to distinguish edible mushrooms from poisonous ones, because it is better to see once than hear a hundred times.
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White mushroom is perhaps the most valuable edible mushroom found in the forests of Russia. White birch mushroom, as its name implies, grows next to birch. Grows along roads, on forest edges in small groups or separately. The fruiting season is from June to October. WHITE BIRCH MUSHROOM
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Hat porcini mushroom large birch - up to 15 centimeters in diameter, whitish-ocher color, sometimes almost white, or light yellow. The shape of the cap of young mushrooms is cushion-shaped, in mature ones it is flatter. The pulp is dense white, does not change color in air, has no taste, with a pleasant mushroom smell. It is an edible mushroom with excellent taste. In Russia and countries Western Europe considered one of the best edible mushrooms.
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Boletus boletus The boletus mushroom has more than 40 varieties. In our area, the following types of mushroom are best known: common boletus, gray boletus, harsh boletus, pink boletus, multicolored boletus. All of them form mycorrhiza with birch, but some feel great in the vicinity of aspen or poplars. Mostly places are chosen that are well warmed up by the sun, but the soil must remain moist.
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Boletus Almost all boletuses have a red cap, chunky leg and firm flesh. There are several types of boletus, but the most common boletus is red, yellow-brown, oak, spruce, pine. Boletus red pretty major representative mushroom kingdom. The mushroom cap can be up to 30 cm in diameter. In young mushrooms, it is hemispherical, the edge is tightly pressed to the stem. In mature mushrooms, it is cushion-shaped with an easily detachable stem. The skin color is red or terracotta.
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WHITE OAK MUSHROOM Oak cep is another variety of porcini mushroom. This is also a very good edible mushroom, used in all forms - fresh, boiled, fried, pickled, suitable for pickling and drying. It is believed that according to taste it is somewhat inferior to white birch mushroom
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The cap of the oak porcini mushroom is 8 to 30 centimeters in diameter, in young mushrooms, spherical, in mature, convex or cushion-shaped. The color of the cap is most often grayish-brown, brown, coffee, ocher, or other similar shades. In mature mushrooms, in dry weather, the surface of the cap is sometimes covered with cracks, acquiring a characteristic reticular structure, for which the mushroom is sometimes called reticulated boletus. Boletus
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WHITE MUSHROOM Spruce White mushroom spruce This variety of white mushrooms is different large size- its mass sometimes reaches 2 kilograms, and the diameter of the cap is up to 20-25 centimeters, the leg sometimes grows in length up to 20 centimeters. This mushroom can be easily confused with its congeners - oak porcini mushroom and birch porcini mushroom. The spruce cep differs from the latter primarily in its habitat - it lives in coniferous forests - and in the color of the cap - brown, reddish-brown, chestnut-brown (in young mushrooms it is light). The surface of the cap is smooth and dry.
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White spruce mushroom, as its name suggests, forms mycorrhiza with spruce. Distributed in temperate latitudes Northern Hemisphere, found in both wild forests and in cultural, sometimes in parks and squares, gardens. The fruiting season is from August to November.
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Chanterelle yellow Chanterelle yellow - is in the family of chanterelles, in the world it is called ordinary, real, as well as a cockerel or a fox. It got its name due to its characteristic color (orange or the color of egg yolk), by analogy with the color of a fox skin. This feature is due to the high content of carotene, in this regard, the chanterelle is the leader among mushrooms, which makes it a particularly valuable dietary mushroom.
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This mushroom got this name because of the color of the cap, which has a reddish-red color. The people also call this mushroom spruce or row. Camelina mushrooms grow mainly in spruce forests from July to October. The cap of the young mushroom is pale yellow, while the old one has more saturated shades of red. Edible mushrooms belong to the lamellar group. By nutritional value belong to the first category, which includes the most valuable types of mushrooms. Chemical composition Camelina includes, in addition to a large amount of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, such a biologically important substance as fungin, which is an active stimulant of gastric secretion. Also mushrooms have a fairly low calorie content. Ryzhiki
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Butter Oilers belongs to the tubular group. In terms of nutritional value, it is included in the second category. Butterdish, also called buttermilk, is found in summer and autumn in pine and spruce forests in dry places, on roads, glades and in pits. The hat is fleshy. Semicircular, mucous in damp weather, reddish-brown in color. The lower surface of the cap of a young mushroom is light yellow in color, covered with a white film, which in an adult mushroom breaks off from the cap and remains at the stem in the form of a ring. The leg is short. The pulp is tender, yellowish-white. This mushroom got this name because of the peculiar coating of the top layer of the cap, which has a kind of oily consistency.
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PINE WHITE MUSHROOM The pine porcini mushroom is another independent subspecies of the porcini mushroom. Just like the white spruce mushroom, it grows in coniferous forests. Mycorrhiza forms mainly with pine, which explains its name, sometimes it can grow together with spruce or with deciduous trees... Prefers sandy soil in moss and lichen forests. The fruiting season is from July to October.
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The cap of the pine porcini mushroom reaches 25 centimeters in diameter. In young mushrooms, it is convex, in mature mushrooms it is flatter, and the surface is uneven. The color is red-brown, dark brown is sometimes dark cherry or with a purple tint.
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The russula belongs to the lamellar group in structure. In terms of nutritional value, they are included in the third category. Russula grows in conifers and mixed forests from mid-summer to late autumn. The caps of russula are fleshy, slightly convex, in young mushrooms they are more rounded, in old ones they are flat, the edges seem to be raised upwards. The underside of the caps is white with frequent, running down plates. There are russula: yellow, green, red. Greens and reds are stronger, stronger and fleshy, while yellows are fragile and have a thinner stem. S Y R O E Z K I
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Inedible mushrooms We will describe and show you mushrooms that should not be eaten. Or about which it is impossible to say for sure whether they can be eaten. For example, some of the mushrooms in some sources are listed as poisonous, however, many consider them edible. We believe that it is not worth picking such mushrooms, so as not to risk your health or even your life. Many types of such mushrooms can be used in medicine (mostly in folk medicine) or for any business purposes.
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Inedible boletus Boletus inedible, it is also beautiful boletus, red-legged boletus. Inedible, as its pulp has a bitter taste that does not disappear even after heat treatment. Inedible boletus grows in coniferous and deciduous forests. Prefers proximity to oak, usually on acidic soils. The fruiting season is from July to October. Distributed in Europe, in the south and in the European part of Russia.
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The inedible boletus cap has a light brown, olive-light brown, brown or grayish-brown color at the beginning of a hemispherical shape, later convex with a curled or hanging wavy edge. The size of the cap is up to 15 centimeters. The flesh is whitish or light cream in color, turns blue on the cut, tastes bitter.
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We have placed photos and descriptions of the most dangerous poisonous mushrooms... Every mushroom picker needs to know them so as not to expose themselves and their loved ones to danger. There are a lot of misconceptions among the people regarding the criterion for determining the toxicity of mushrooms. It is often believed that all poisonous mushrooms have an unpleasant taste or smell - this is a dangerous delusion! Many deadly mushrooms taste and smell quite pleasant. The only true criterion is to collect only those mushrooms that you know well and whose edibility does not cause the slightest doubt in you! Poisonous mushrooms
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PALETHEAT Pallid toadstool is one of the most dangerous poisonous mushrooms, most of the poisonings are fatal. Inexperienced mushroom pickers can confuse this mushroom with edible mushrooms: champignons, green russula and greenish russula, floats
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The cap of the pale toadstool is up to 10 centimeters in size, at a young age, egg-shaped. Later it becomes plano-convex. The color is light green, white, yellowish brown-olive. The pulp is white, odorless and tasteless, does not change color at the break.
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WHITE toadstool White toadstool, (not to be confused with pale toadstool!) She's a smelly fly agaric - very dangerous poisonous mushroom... Poisoning with this fungus can lead to lethal outcome... Symptoms of poisoning are similar to pale toadstool - vomiting, intestinal colic, muscle pain, unquenchable thirst, cholera-like diarrhea (often with blood). White toadstool forms mycorrhiza with coniferous and deciduous trees, most often grows on sandy soils during wet places... The fruiting season is from June to October.
There are many forms of mushrooms that are not alike. We are used to thinking that mushrooms are gifts of nature that grow in the forest. In fact, you can walk past the mushroom without knowing it. The crust of bread is covered with mold - these are mushrooms. Something green and unpleasant has grown on the wall in a damp room - again mushrooms, an apple has deteriorated - and this is the work of mushrooms.
8 Aspergillus molds Aspergillus molds There are about 160 species of Aspergillus molds, mainly in the form of mold on food, in the soil, on damp walls, etc. Some species cause diseases, others are used in the production of citric acid, antibiotics, enzymes.
Baker's Yeast Yeast is also microscopically small mushrooms. They do not form myceliums, but grow as a mass of single cells. Yeast is used by humans to make dough, wine, beer. Yeast cells are in the form of balls. Almost all yeast is a real "sweet tooth". Fruits and berries, flower nectar, sweet birch sap, juicy parts of plants - favorite places their habitat.
This amazing Shiitake mushroom (Japanese woody mushroom), the most medicinal of the mushrooms, is widely used in medicine. Reduces cholesterol, reduces inflammation, heals ulcers, boosts immunity and many others useful properties... the most medicinal of mushrooms, widely used in medicine. Lowers cholesterol, reduces inflammation, heals ulcers, boosts immunity and has many other beneficial properties.
These amazing mushrooms Zvezdovik or earthen star The most unusual looking mushroom. Formed underground, it has two shells. When the outer shell bursts, the mushroom comes out to the surface, and the fragments of the upper shell form a kind of "star" with 5 - 10 "rays". The color of this mushroom is different - yellow, white, pink, and other colors.
These amazing Plasmodium mushrooms are the most amazing mushroom. This mushroom can walk! It moves through the forest more slowly than a snail, but in a few days it can climb onto a rotten tree stump and hide on it. Plasmodium is not immediately noticeable, it looks like a jellyfish, or a piece of jelly. And he walks through the forest, waddling from side to side.
These amazing mushrooms Pale toadstool, the most poisonous mushroom in the world, pale toadstool, contains 10 types of various poisons at once, affecting both the nervous and digestive, but most importantly, the hematopoietic system. There is no antidote. Pale toadstool - the most poisonous mushroom in the world, pale toadstool, contains 10 types of various poisons at once, affecting both the nervous and digestive, but most importantly, the hematopoietic system. There is no antidote.
These amazing Setkonosk mushrooms The mushroom is listed in the Red Book. When the shell breaks, a long, up to cm, spongy, dirty-white leg, 2.5-4.5 cm thick, is shown, and on it is an olive-green, like a folded cap. An openwork white or yellowish mesh falls from under the cap to the leg. The smell is very unpleasant.
These amazing mushrooms Truffle Truffle The most expensive mushroom. It grows underground, dogs and pigs are looking for it by smell. Gourmets appreciate these mushrooms for their unusual aroma. The most expensive truffle in the world was auctioned for $. The average price of a black truffle is EUR per kg.
These amazing mushrooms Veselka Veselka The fastest growing mushroom. In 1 hour, it can grow 30 cm! Popular names: "Upstart" "damn egg". The mushroom is edible at a young age and is considered delicious. In France it is consumed raw as a radish. The outer casing should be removed before use. It is used in folk medicine under the name "earth oil" for gout, rheumatism, and some diseases of the stomach.
These Amazing Mushrooms The Red Lattice is like a round checkered ball. It looks cute, but it smells disgusting. Flies love its smell. They pounce on it and eat it in a few hours. Grows on forest litter and on the remains of decaying wood
These amazing mushrooms Mushroom raincoat bighead a giant Globular mushroom without a leg reaches a diameter of 50 cm and a weight of over 10 kg! taste. The inner mass is first pure white, then greenish-yellow, and finally brown, drying out like a sponge. The smell is unpleasant. The remains of the mushroom, resembling a loofah, can hold out without decomposition for several months. An edible and quality mushroom, but not to everyone's taste.
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Trametes multicolored Trametes multicolored is a type of mushroom that is widespread throughout the world and grows mainly on the trunks of dead trees, and is notable for its colorful stripes. The mushroom itself is inedible in the usual sense, but it is often used in traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, scientists have also found that a substance in this mushroom enhances immunity and can be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of cancer.
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The "bleeding tooth" mushroom Hydnellum Peka, or, as it is also called, the "bleeding tooth" mushroom, is often found in coniferous forests in the northwestern parts The Pacific and in central Europe. It is hard not to notice it: the bright red liquid escaping from the pores of the fungus resembles some kind of criminal scene in nature. In fact, this mushroom is not poisonous, but it scares away predators and people with a very bitter taste.
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Earthen Star Mushroom The Earthen Star Mushroom or triple star fungus is a raincoat mushroom that can be found in various locations and elevations around the world. This unusual mushroom changes its appearance after emerging from the ground. Its "rays" bend downward, the round fruiting body rises and releases spores into the air. In some Indian tribes, this mushroom is known for its medicinal properties, and according to legend, it predicts upcoming celestial phenomena.
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Hericium crested Hericium crested, which is also called "monkey head", "bearded tooth" or "lion's mane", at first glance does not cause any associations with the fungus. This edible mushroom grows on both living and dead trees, and when cooked resembles seafood in color and texture. Not only does it taste good, but it is also used in traditional Chinese medicine for its antioxidant properties and lowering blood glucose levels.
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Bioluminescent Mushroom The mycene fungus is one of 71 types of bioluminescent fungi that glows green. Bioluminescent mushrooms grow in Malaysia, Indonesia, Brazil, Mexico and Puerto Rico, and have a soft yellow-green glow. Bioluminescence is due to a substance similar to that found in fireflies.
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Coral Mushroom The coral mushroom looks like it should grow somewhere on a coral reef. Scientists have determined that there are about 1200 species of clavaria mushrooms, which differ in different shades, ranging from white to bright orange and purple. These mushrooms grow in many places, mainly in tropical areas, and are considered inedible.