Professional tourist associations

Professional associations are created in order to solve issues by joint efforts to solve issues, none of the stakeholders are not able to solve themselves. Travel enterprises, in contrast to other components of the tourist industry, highly mobile and have small revs. With the exception of leading tour operators who combine hundreds and thousands of smaller travel agencies, tourist enterprises can be attributed to small business, the administrative and economic resource of which is limited. At the same time, as in any other industry of the economy, there are certain corporate problems in the tourism industry, from which all the subjects of this type of activity will benefit. For example, the issue of developing service standards in hotels, advertising and promotion of a joint product, conducting market research or information support of the industry can only be solved by joint efforts. These considerations and formed the basis of the consolidation process of individual travel enterprises in the Association and Unions with the authority delegation to them to protect the interests of participants at the national and international levels. Associations take on some functions government agencies management of tourism, in particular coordination of tourist enterprises.

Tourist enterprises who have achieved some success seek to join professional international or national associations, membership in which not only contributes to the expansion of the professional worldview of the members, but also changes their image at the national tourist market.

Briefly describe international associations and alliances that play the most prominent role in the post-war history of tourism.

International organizations.

International Association According to excursion services and tours (Ista), combines firms that are engaged in excursion services. The Association was created in 1953 the main activity is the annual publication of the tariff reference book of tours and sightseeing service in which alphabetical order For countries, information about programs and prices of tours organized by members of the ISTA are submitted.

International Tourist Alliance (AIT) - an international tourist organization that is valid members of which are national automotive associations and tourist clubs, uniting individual members, or national federations consisting of tourist associations. Members who join - organizations that do not unite tourists or tourist associations, but wish to assist AGT and the purpose of which is to develop tourism.

The organization was created in 1919 the goal - the development of all types of international tourism and autotourism. The main activity is carried out by three permanent commission: the Commission on Policy Making, Transport Commission and the Customs Commission.

International Federation of Journalists and Tourism Writers (Fijet) - its members of the national associations of journalists and writers who are engaged in tourism issues. There is also a category of individual and dual members. Fijet created 1954 The goal is the propaganda of the humanistic principles of international tourism, the establishment of friendly business contacts between journalists and writers, protecting their professional interests.

The International Academy of Tourism has been established in 1951 for the purpose of propaganda and protect the cultural values \u200b\u200bof tourism, the preservation and development of its humanistic traditions. The activities of the Academy lies in coordination of work on the publication of the dictionary of tourist terms, the journal "Bulletin of the Academy", brochures and research on the cultural and humanistic problems of tourism, as well as in the conduct of printed work contests on cultural and tourism.

International Association of Hotels and Restaurants (IN & RA) was founded in 1946 and is the heiress of the International Association of Hotel Owners, founded 1869 and 1921 transformed into an international hotel alliance. The Secretariat and Headquarters of the Association are located in Paris (France).

The following main tasks are defined by the charter:

Association of national hotel associations of all countries, as well as individual hotels and restaurants serving foreign tourists;

Protection of personal and professional interests of hotel owners and restaurants;

Development of the hotel industry, studying the issues of freedom of movement, the management of the hotel industry, international financial calculations, insurance, the provision of workforce, etc.;

Informing members of the Association about hotels, restaurants and travel firms.

International Campgrounds and Caravangi Federation (FIKK) - an international tourist organization whose members are the national federations and camping associations and caravanga. When ficked, there are a tourist information center and several specialized commissions. Annually ruled by the rules. The fickey secretariat is located in Brussels (Belgium).

The International Association of Tourism Experts (AiSte) is an international tourist organization, which unites both individual members - persons engaged in scientific activities in the field of tourism and associate members - organizations and institutions interested in AiSate's activities. The organization has the nature of the scientific community and its goal is supported by scientific activity His members, ensuring the exchange of documentation and experience, supporting the activities of travel scientific institutions and centers for the preparation of tourist personnel. The Secretariat AiSte is located in Bern (Switzerland).

International Organization professional learning in tourism (Amfort) Created 1969 in order to improve the methods of professional tourism training, streamlining and standardization of programs, introducing into training technical means. Amphort members have research centers and educational institutions, official tourist organizations and enterprises, tourism specialists. At the initiative of Amfort, an international certificate of tourism specialist was issued. The Amfort Secretariat is located in Madrid (Spain).

Regional associations. Travel Association of the Pacific Region (Pata) - a non-governmental international travel organization, uniting more than 2,200 members from 64 countries, which represent national travel organizations, transport and hotel associations, tourist wholesalers and retail firms, as well as various organizations, bandages related to the tourism industry . The Association was founded 1951 The main purpose of Pata is to promote tourism development in the area Pacific Ocean. Path headquarters is located in San Francisco (USA).

Confederation of travel organizations of Latin America (Kotal) is the regional tourist organization of Latin American countries, which unites more than 900 Latin American tourist firms, transport and hotel companies, as well as 350 tourist firms and organizations of Asia, Africa, America, Europe. Founded in April 1957 the main task of Kotal is to combine the activities of all travel companies, companies and national tourist associations to develop the tourist industry of Latin America. The Cotal Secretariat is posted in Buenos Aires (Argentina).

European Tourist Commission (ETC) Created 1948 by its members are national tourist organizations of 23 European countries. The purpose of the organization is to contribute to the involvement of foreign tourism to Europe, especially from the USA, Canada, Japan, as well as within European tourism. The ETC Secretariat is located in Dublin (Ireland).

Association of European tourist firms - wholesalers (Goyeto). In Goyto there are six categories of membership: 1) employees of tour operators with work experience at least 25 years; 2) at least 10 years; 3) Founder member, completed work in tourism; 4) members who have joined five years of experience; 5) associate members with five years of experience in organizations related to tourism; 6) Honorary Members elected by the Goyeto Council. The goal goeto is the exchange of information and the establishment of contacts between tourist enterprises. The Secretariat of Goyeto is located in Cannes (France).

Trade union and youth organizations

The International Bureau of Social Tourism (VITs) is a non-governmental international tourist organization, which is the actual members of which are international and national organizations whose activities are associated with social tourism; Members of the joining groups and organizations that are engaged in useful for social tourism activities. Created 1963 in order to facilitate the development of social tourism internationally. Under social tourism, this is understood by all phenomena that arise from participation in the tourism of the segments of the population with modest income. The Beats Secretariat is located in Brussels (Belgium).

Associations of travel agencies

Associations of tourist agencies exist in more than 80 countries. The main tasks are: compliance with the interests of travel agents in relations with government agencies, transport and hotel organizations, studying the tourist market, exchange of experience and establishing business contacts.

Depending on the country and its tourist potential, the national travel agent associations are combined from 6-7 to 20,000 members.

The largest national travel agent associations is the American Society of Tourist Agents (ACTA), the Association of British Tourist Agents of France (SNA), the Union of Canadian Travel Associations (Act), National Spanish Association, Union of German Travel Bureau (DRV), Australian Federation of Travel Agents (AFTA), Japanese Association of Tourist Agents (Jati).

Check questions and tasks

1. What is the essence and what are the structure and tools of state regulation of international tourism activities?

2. Describe the main mechanisms for supporting the development of international tourism.

3. Name the main features of the legal regulation of international tourism activities in different countriesoh.

4. List the tasks "which are facing the certification in tourism.

5. Why do I need standardization in international tourism?

6. What is "licensing tourist activity" and what are the features of licensing tourist activity in different countries?

7. What are the features of tax regulation of international tourism activities in different countries.

8. Describe the features of the state's investment policy regarding international tourism.

9. How does the state participate in resolving training issues for tourism scope?

10. Why should the state should conduct special environmental policies regarding international tourism?

11. What questions regarding the field of activities of travel companies are solved at the level of general legislation "What is the subject of tourist regulatory acts?

12. What is the difference between the Commission agreements and agency contracts used in tourist practice?

13. How do the activities of travel firms are solved in Spain?

14. How does French tourist legislation protect the rights of consumer in tourism?

15. Name the reasons for "encouraging enterprises of the tourism industry to unite into professional associations and unions.

16. What purpose is the leading professional associations of tourism sphere?

· Ministry of Sports, Tourism and Youth Policy of the Russian Federation
About the ministry. Documentation. Press center, news. Competitions and tenders. Calendar of events. Links.

· Federal Agency for Tourism Russian Federation (Rosturism)
News. Legislation. Single federal registry. International activity. Exhibitions. Conferences and seminars. Classification of accommodation. Statistics. Education.

· Committee of the State Duma for Economic Policy and Entrepreneurship
Information about the structure and composition. Directions of laws, activities, reference to the site of the Chairman of the Committee. Committee: Tourism Subcommittee, Expert Council for the Development of Tourist Services Market, Expert Council for the Development of Small and Medium Entrepreneurship.

· Committee of the Chamber of Committee of the Russian Federation for Entrepreneurship in the field of tourist, resort and recreational and hotel activity
Regulations on the Committee. Structure. Work plans. Reports. Meetings. News and events. Lawmaking activities. State policy in the field of tourism development, resort in Russia.

· Expert Council under the Federal Antimonopoly Service for the Development of Tourism Competition
Regulations on the Council. Structure. Meeting protocols.

· Russian Union of Tourism Study (PCT)
About the Union and its projects. Types of tourism. Information about the tourist opportunities of countries and regions of Russia, maps. Legislation, legal online advice. Tips for tourists. Section for tourist business professionals. News. Special offers. Avia and railway schedules. Jobs in the turbines. Exhibitions, forums. Documents and articles. Links.

· Association of tour operators of Russia (ator)
About the association and its projects. News. Legal service. Articles. Analytics. Seminars and exhibitions. Information and advice to tourists. Jobs in the turbines. Special offers. Forum. Links.

· Commission of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs for Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation Industry
Commission composition. News.

· Association of active tourism (AAT)
News. Search tour. Routes. Recommendations. Events. Descriptions of types of active tourism. Photo gallery.

· Business Travel Association (RUSSIAN Business Travel Association - RBTA)
Advisory, expert and analytical and educational forum of subjects of the market of business tourism and the MICE industry in Russia.

· Association of resorts and tourism of the Stavropol Territory
About the edge, cities and districts. Types of tourism. Tourist infrastructure and resources. The development of tourism. Calendar of events. News. Cards. Forum. Photo gallery. Links.

· Tourist-Sports Union of Russia (TSSR)
Types of sports tourism. Calendar of events. News. Preparation of tourist personnel, documents. Personalia. Competitions, hiking, travel. Photo exhibitions.

· National Tourism Academy (NAT)
Association of scientific and practical workers of the sphere of tourism.

· Non-commercial partnership "Sanctures"
Catalog. Medical profiles. Medical consultations. Search. Reviews. Documentation. Forum. Links.

· Russian Hotel Association (RGA)
News Associations, Tourism and hotels. Catalog Hotels and Orders Service. Archive of the magazine "Parade Hotels".

· The Federation of Restaurants and Hoteliers of Russia (FRIO)
Catalog of members. Events. Press center. Legislation.

· UN World Travel Organization (UNWTO)
Catalog of member countries. Programs. Regional offices. News. Events. Statistics.

· World Travel Agencies Association (WATA)
Catalog of members. Events. Forum. Special offers.

· World Federation of Travel Agencies Associations (UFTAA)
News. Membership. Congresses. Press releases. Events. Links.

· World Federation of Tourist Guide Associations (WFTGA)
Membership. Information. Trainings. Publications. Convention. Photo gallery. Links.

· World Tourism and Travel Council (WTTC)
Catalog of members. News. Events and events. Activity. Research. Center for documentary sources. Statistics.

· Association of Interactive Travel Service Providers (ITSA)
Catalog of members. Press releases. News. Information.

· Association of corporate tourism leaders (ACTE)
Catalog of members. Programs. Calendar of events. Reviews and official documents. Publications. Data Bank for staff selection.

· International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators
On associations, membership rules, documents. Reviews on tourism in the Arctic, statistics. Photo gallery. Press releases.

· Confederation of youth, student and educational tourism (WYSET)
Catalog of members. Publications. Press releases. Participation in events.

· International Air Transport Association (IATA)
Catalog of members. Working groups and committees. Activity. Services and consultations. Events. Trainings. Press center. News.

· International Association of Tourism Experts (Aiest)
Catalog of members. Conference protocols. Journal "Tourist Review". Links.

· International Travel Exhibition Association (ITTFA)
Catalog of members. Calendar of exhibitions. Directory for exhibition organizers.

· International Tourism Training Organization (AMFORT)
References to research, educational and training centers, Scientific sources. Publications. Jobs and recruitment. News.

· International Travel Association of Gays and Lesbians (IGLTA)
Online search for destinations, tour operators, accommodation, airlines, etc. Calendar of events. Press releases. Statistics. Advertising. Videos.

· International Bus Tourism Federation (RDA)
Membership. Newspaper RDA. Events. Events. Links.

· International Federation of Journalists and Writers on Tourism (Fijet)
Catalog of members. FIJET newspaper. Photo reports of events. Archive of events.

· International Tour Operator Federation (IFTO)
Catalog of members. News and publications. Links.

· International Bureau on Social Tourism (BITS)
About social tourism. News and information. Links, documents, bibliography. Catalog of members. Photo gallery.

· International Tourist Alliance (AIT)
Promotion of types of tourism. International Tourist Documents. Membership.

· Community of initial tourism managers (SITE)
Branches. Educational programs. Events. Membership. Forum. Photo gallery. Press releases. Links.

· World Student and Educational Travel Confederation (WYSE)
About the confederation. Mission. Publications, Press Releases, Documents. Events.

· European Travel Commission (ETC)
Catalog of members. Annual report. Popularization of Europe abroad. Statistics. Events. Ecotourism. Press releases. Links.

· European Federation for Farm and Rural Tourism (Eurogites)
Catalog of member countries. News.

· Confederation of National Associations of Hoteliers and Restaukers of EU countries (HotRec)
Catalog of members. Politics and strategy. News and publication. Classification of categories of hotels in the EU countries.

· Association of Tourism of Africa (Ata)
List of events. Photo gallery. Releases and publications. Links. Membership. Tourist Internet magazine.

· Association of the Arab World Tourism and Travel (AWITTA)
Information by country. Membership.

· Confederation of tourist organizations of Latin America (Cotal)
Catalog of members. Congresses. Reports of the Executive Committee. Exhibitions.

· Association of travel agencies of the Pacific countries (PATA)
News. Events. Information. Publications. Catalog of members. About Asia-Pacific

Alone

17. Tourism Transport Support

Tourism involves moving people from one place to another both within the country and beyond. The legislation of a number of European countries includes transport transportation to the number of main services provided by the traveler, along with the services of accommodation.

The standard international classification of means of transport, developed on the basis of UN proposals, is provided in the recommendations on tourism statistics (WTO, 1994). This classification can be used for both internal and international tourism. It consists of two levels - categories (type of transport) and discharge that determines the vehicle.

1. Air transport: scheduled flights; Flights outside the schedule; Other air transport

2. Water transport: passenger lines and ferries; Cruises; Others.

3. Land transport: railway transport; long-distance and city buses, other public transport; Private cars with a capacity of up to 8 people; Rental motor vehicles; Other means of land transport.

Railway transport. The appearance of railways produced a real revolution on travel. The railway suggested cheap and fast transportation in comparison with horses and ships. For several years, railways were used exclusively for the carriage of goods, before the thought of transporting people appeared.

The basis of the activities of railway passenger transport - the implementation of international and internal transportation between cities or regions, i.e. Providing transportation services. According to international rules, the services of sleeping cars belong to the services of collective accommodation, and the services of restaurant carriages are to food services.

The cost of transportation services includes: payment of the right to drive along the road to a certain distance at the fare of the transportation; The cost of the placentar (the passenger's right to a sleeping place in the wagons of various classes); payment of insurance; Commission fee for pre-sale tickets, etc.

The quality of service on railway transport depends on the type of train (postal, passenger, fast, corporate) and class of placement (in the overall car, second-class, hard, soft, as well as in the sleeping car direct message class 1).

Bus transportation. Combined in huge networks of long-distance and urban routes, buses transport more people and serve more settlementsthan trains and aircraft combined. The bus industry earns billions of dollars annually, transport travelers to distant and short distances. In recent years, it has been focused on the development of programs related to tours.

To attract passengers, many bus companies offer tours and buses rental service. The following types of tours are available:

• charter - are commonly used by clubs, organizations or other formed groups for a day trip to sports competitions, Museum, shopping center etc. They usually include accommodation, food, excursions. In a charter trip, a group usually nobody accompanies;
• accompanied - trips of planned groups. The accompanied tours durability from five days to four weeks include accommodation in hotels and in most cases nutrition. Throughout the travel, the group accompanies the head;
• independently formed groups - a visit to several cities or interesting places on the flight buses. Tours and accommodation in hotels are included;
• flexible - direction in the industry of bus tours, characterized by a combination with other types of transport.

The main attractive line of buses, compared with other species public transport, for a long time There remained their low cost. However, despite the fact that the bus is still cheaper than trains, rates for airfares recently significantly decreased to the possibility of competition with bus companies, especially when traveling for a distance of more than 500 miles.

Instead of continuing to compete with airlines for passengers, several bus companies decided to join them by developing a system of "flexible tickets", i.e. The airline can offer a ticket to flights to the main airport and passenger transportation by bus from the airport. Bus tickets can be purchased across multiple distribution channels. For short distances, passengers buy tickets right at the stations before departing or from drivers. Many bus companies join computer reservation systems, taking, thus the application long before the departure date. Purchase tickets for bus trips - accompanied, charter, independently formed, flexible - can also be trained in travel agents or through a turbocker.

Car rental. Car rental companies are divided into two main types of functioning: corporate and licensed. Most major firms operate corporately. They buy cars and rent them to consumers. After the car drove 18-25 thousand miles, companies sell them at the prices of used vehicles directly to the consumer or firms specializing in used cars. In addition, in accordance with the program "Sell back", used cars are returned to manufacturers.

Large car rental firms have representative offices and cities and in suburbs, but most of them still concentrated at airports. Convenient clients The location of the company significantly increases the number of car rental.

Sea Travel (Cruises). The cruise industry has taken an essential location in the tourist market in the early 1970s. And continues to develop. The number of existing routes for last decade significantly increased. Cruise routes pass through all possible coastal places - from Alaska to the ice of the Antarctic and meet the most diverse requests. All major routes are offered flexible prices to attract tourists with different income levels. Many cruise companies provide discounts to no-season in case the client booked a trip in advance or if he re-participates in a cruise.

Cruise is a unique tourist product that combines transportation and program (assignment). Almost every cruise ship enters several ports while traveling. This represents a transport element of the Cruise Product. Most cruises are mostly attracted by the ship itself. The ship provides the tourist service of the resort and pleasure from rest on land. Large liners have up to ten or more decks. Passengers usually stirred on the lower decks, the above are the premises of general use, pools, etc. On ships committing cruises in warm countriesThe upper deck is open. Cabins can be "external" and "internal". "External" have portholes, in the "internal" emerging in the central corridor, there is no natural lighting. Currently, cruise organizers prefer vessels with the maximum possible number of "external" cabins.

There are four main factors that set the price of the cruise: the duration of the cruise; season; the location and size of cabins; Type of ship.

Aerial travel. The journey symbol became a plane. Air transport, linking the world, opened new horizons to millions of people, allowed residents of different countries and different continents meet face to face, rest on distant islands, participate in international events and projects.

In the past, airplanes were classified as local, regional, national and international. Currently, the classification is carried out by annual turnover. The largest carriers have a turnover exceeding $ 1 billion, national carriers - from 100 million to 1 billion, large regional - from 10 million to 100 million, average - less than 10 million dollars.

Air carriers provide service both on schedule and out. Most airlines operate but schedule, i.e. Each departure and landing occurs in a known time. Flights performed outside the schedule, so-called charter, provide air transport at lower prices than regular. Airplanes can only be used as charter or travel on regular airlines.

General purpose aviation provides both generally accepted and special services. Six categories allocate: air taxis that operate as charters (it can be special airports at airports, even one and two-dimensional); aircraft belonging to enterprises and firms for the transport of production personnel, as well as helicopters; Special aircraft for aerial photography, firefighters, medical, etc.; aircraft for training professional pilots; Private aircraft for business and travel; Sports planes.

When buying a ticket, an air transportation is concluded. According to the contract, the aircraft enterprise (carrier) undertakes to transport the passenger and its luggage (defined weight) to the destination, by providing a place on an aircraft making a flight specified in the ticket, and in the event of a passenger passenger - deliver the last to the destination and issue a person authorized in receipt.

Transportation documents are: when transporting passengers - a ticket; When transporting things of the passenger as a baggage - a baggage receipt.

Each airline determines the rules for transporting people and goods independently. These rules must comply with the national legislation of the country at which the route of travel and international bilateral and multilateral treaties.

In any airline in the world there are three main classs, each of which has its letter designation in the ticket: the first (P); Business class (C); Economy class (y). The cost of the ticket depends first of all from the tariff. Distinguish normal and special rates.

Municipal State Institution

children's education Inzensky District Center for Children's Creativity

on the basis of MKOU Oskinskaya high school

Considered and approved at the meeting

Pedagogical Council MCU to ITSDT

Protocol number _________ from ___________

Secretary ________________________ "I approve"

Director of the MKU to ITSDT

V.N. Zaynakova __________

"____" ____________ 201 _

WORKING PROGRAMM

for tourist association for interest

Teacher of additional education

Peshekin Pavel Viktorovich

Children's age: 8-16 years

Inza

Explanatory note

Tourism is a wonderful and effective means of education of the younger generation. Tourism in our school is a massive movement of children and adolescents.

Novelty of the program. We see the main task of tourism in opening a wide space for identifying the abilities of children, make them spiritually richer, meaningful, multifaceted, to bring up a person who can confront difficulties, a real citizen of their country.

Tourist campaign, the track of the orienteering competition is not only kilometers traveled from the point "A" to the point "B", which in itself is very important, but the acquisition of vital skills. Friendship, partnership, mutual assistance are brought up here, independence, observation, the speed of the reaction, the logicality of thinking are developed. Inexperienced person, hitting a complex situation, can not always take the right decision, act competently and caution. Good tourist, Athlete - an indicative order will be able to easily sort out the complex setting.

The relevance of the program . Today, the question of the need to change its attitude towards life, to nature and ensure the appropriate education and education of a new generation is relevant.

The combination of sports orientation, local history and tourism contributes to the formation of the child's ideas about the interaction of man and ambient, skills healthy image Life, love for the native land, aspirations for tourist skill indicators.

Advanced program. This program can serve as a manual for leaders of tourist-local lore circles of any profile.

The purpose of the program - Comprehensive and harmonious personality development, education of physically and morally healthy person, the formation of logical and economic thinking.

Tasks:

Educational

Acquisition and expansion of knowledge of tourism, local history and ethnography;

Studying schoolchildren native region, his small homeland, the environment;

Study of the rules of behavior in nature during excursions, campaigns

Preparation of children to school, urban and district tourist-research events.

Developing

Creating conditions for meeting the interests of children, the development of the personality, the disclosure of its creative potential;

Development of tourist skills and interest in independent work;

Physical development.

Educational

Formation of a sense of love and pride to their small homeland;

Formation of a healthy lifestyle;

Education in children confidence in their significance, feelings of human dignity, understanding the value of human life and awareness of their own responsibility for the preservation of health and knowledge of a healthy lifestyle.

The program is designed for one year of study and is intended for students in grades 2-11.

During practical and theoretical studies, knowledge obtained in the lessons of the surrounding world of geography, biology, physics, and newly purchased. This is not just expanding the horizons of the guys, but also prepares them for the choice of profession, service in the army.

Classes for theoretical training are held in the school premises using textbooks (cards, atlases, topographic plans of the area, compass, etc.). Practical lessons Conducted within the village of Oskino.

In practical classes, and especially in campaigns, the circles will be able to show their physical capabilities, creative and organizational abilities.

The program provides for three lessons per week for 2 hours.

The course includes elements of topography, sports orientation on the terrain and technique of pedestrian tourism.

In the process of learning, the guys receive theoretical knowledge:

by type of tourism;

in geography and ecology of Inzen district;

on the organization and conduct of the tourism practical skills and skills;

work with various types of cards;

organization of Bivakov, fire burning, locality orientation;

maintaining a field diary and compiling reports tourist hiking.

Check knowledge, skills, skills are carried out in the form of tests, practical tasks, sports orienteering competitions.

Thematic plan for the interests of the interests of "Tourist"

p / P.

Topics of classes

Number of classes

total

Theorem.

Stratic.

Enterprise

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

ABC Topograf.

Compass. Azimuth. Measurement of distances

Topographic signs. Topographic map

Tourist gear

Nodes

Training campaign and analysis of his results

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

On the track of sports orientation

Types and nature of locality orienteering competitions

Organization of movement in walking tourist campaign

Overcoming strip obstacles

Hygiene tourist and first trial aid

On snow-covered expanses (winter campaign)

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

The road does not end

Features orientation in a complex pedestrian travel

Technique and practice of movement in a complex pedestrian travel

Physical training of participants in a complex tourist trip

Travel trip. Disassembly.

TOTAL: (3 times a week for 2 hours) - 216 hours

Contents of the program

Topic 1. . Introductory occupation.Tourism and health.

The work plan of the association, the regime of classes and training. Materials and tools needed for classes in a circle.

Topic 2. Alphabet of the topograph.Compass. Azimuth. Distance measurement.

Types of compasses. Compass handling rules. Sitting. Direct and feedstocks. Definition of azimuth. Reverse azimuth. Methods of measurement of distance distances. Middle step. Eyemer.

Orientation of a compass card. Exercise on serifs. Build specified azimuths on paper from this point (SV, YUZ, etc.) and show the azimuth arc. Perform an eye without transport. Determine the reverse azimuth on this. Exercise for mixed orientation without the use of compass. Graphic solving tasks for mixed orientation. Exercise for eye assessment of azimuth. Measuring your middle step. Exercise of the eyeball.

Topographic signs. Topographic map.

Local items on aerial photography section of the earth's surface. The role of topographic signs on plan and map. Groups of signs. Color, shapes and sizes. Sourcing topographic signs by groups (65 characters). Explanation of signs and unfamiliar local items. Topographic and geographical map. Handling card. Species of scale. Definition of azimuth, lines on the map.

Practical classes on the topic. Identifying signs on the map. Reading a map on the routes. Topographic dictation. Definition on the map of elements, less than other subjects. Drawing up a list of local items grouped according to the degree of speed of change. Conversion of scale in natural. Measuring azimuths of various directions on the map.

Tourist gear. Shoes and tourist clothing. List of personal equipment. Requirements for a backpack, dishes, etc. Caring for legs and footwear in a hike tourist step. Build a chain. Intervals. The duties of the guide and closing. Movement mode: running hour and colors, normal speed, number of running hours. Sharve and Bivak.

Practical classes on the topic. Laying a backpack. Installing a tent. Campfire.

Practical lesson

Mountains are created or alpine clubs In clubs were preparing guidelines, rescuers. Huts and shelters on the way to the tops of the mountains were built on the means of club members. The total number of club members reached 120 thousand people.

Most clubs published their magazines dedicated to the mountains and travels to them. In the 1890s, more than 30 magazines were published.

The bicycle invention led to the creation touring clubs in European states.

In 1895, a special organization for workers is created in Vienna "Friends of Nature"which organized a weekend trip. This was the beginning of the formation of mass tourism for a "little man."

1898 Created International League of Travel Associations (Luxembourg), in 1919 reissued in International Tourist Alliance (Currently includes more than 140 national associations).

Among the officials and employees at the end of the XIX - beginning. XX century Summer leaving was common. So kind of " country»Tourism from early June to early September. Thus, tourism becomes a new special form of movement of people.

The first attempt to create an international intergovernmental organization on tourism issues was undertaken between the two world wars. The first steps in this direction did the Dutch National Tourist Bureau. As a result of his efforts, an international alliance of tourist propaganda organizations arose. Initially, 20 countries included in the Union. Each country could be represented in MSOTO of only one tourist organization. The main objectives of MSOTO was the study of various aspects of international tourism and the development of recommendations. Once in two months a magazine "World tourist" began to be published.

Established in 1945, the United Nations begins to engage in a wide cool problem of international tourism. Tourism is beginning to call the "XX century phenomenon."

To popularize tourism in 1954, the International Federation of Journalists and Tourism Writers (FiJet) was established. Her founders were 20 countries.

In 1958, the European Association of Air Tourism (Aet) was established in Paris, and in the mid-1950s. An international tourist alliance (AIT) was created, combining in its composition a large number of Autoclubes, touring clubs and other organizations.

In 1963, the first World Conference on Tourism took place in Rome. 87 states were presented on this forum, 5 specialized agencies, 7 interdepartmental and 14 non-governmental organizations. The conference participants demonstrated respect for human rights.

Rome also sounded information about the availability of UNESCO development programs for staff training, ensuring the improvement of tourism, as well as supporting museums, art galleries, restoration of monuments and historical sites.

In 1967, the UN was proclaimed the Year of Tourism, because "Tourism is one of the main and desires of human activity, which deserves approval and encourages from all peoples and governments."

In 1967, the World Federation of Associations of Tourist Agencies - Fuaav (FUAAV) arises. It is a union of tourist firms, travel agencies and entrepreneurs related to the service of tourists. The main objectives of the Federation are the association of national tourist associations of all countries of the world; Protection of professional interests of all tourist agencies united in national associations; strengthening the prestige of tourist agencies; ensuring opportunities for meetings between tourist agencies; Supplying information from national associations for all professional issues; the creation of national associations of tourist agencies in countries where they are not yet; Settlement of disagreements that may arise between national associations and tourist agencies of different countries.

In 1969 according to the resolution General Assembly UN Non-governmental organization MSOTO was reorganized into the intergovernmental worldwide tourist organization (WTO). This fact was evidence of universal recognition not only economic, social, cultural, but also political importance international tourism.

WTO - international Organization Special competence in accordance with Article 1 of its Charter refers to the category of organizations of an intergovernmental nature.

All WTO activities are aimed at implementing international cooperation of the states in the field of tourism and fully complies with the principles of modern law.

The main goal of the WTO is to promote and develop tourism in order to contribute to economic development, international understanding, peace, progress and general respect and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinguishing races, gender, language and religion.

Headquarters of this organization is in Madrid. On September 27, 1975, the WTO Charter is accepted. And since 1980, this day was decided to celebrate as World Tourism Day. According to the current tradition, the motto is changing annually, proclaimed on World Dn. Tourism, focusing any aspects of tourist work in the world for a year.

The official languages \u200b\u200btaken to work the WTO are English, French, Spanish and Russian.

Similar information.

Currently, associations began to arise in the tourism industry in the Ukrainian tourism industry, which is a natural stage in the development of the market economy of Ukraine and the formation of it as a democratic and legal state with a developed civil society.

The relevance of this study due to the need to determine the directions of the work of associations in Ukraine.

The work of the marketing in tourism is devoted to the work of domestic scientists: Improveless V.D., Bobanykina OM, Vediad N.I., Zhukova N.L., Kharycheva V.V., Shulgin L.M. and foreign scientists: Durovich A. P., Kotler F.. The description and classification of associations in tourism were engaged in the quicks of S.A. , Vorontsova M.G., Quartal Rod, V., Dracheva E.L., Zabev Yu.V., Ismayev D.K. et al. It should be noted the absence of a single point of view on the specific forms of work of tourist associations in Ukraine within the marketing information system.

The purpose of the study is to identify the place and role of associations in the tourist business. To achieve the goal, it is planned to solve a number of tasks:

Give a characteristic of tourist associations and organizations;
- to develop a classification of tourist associations;
- to identify the forms of work of associations in tourism, offer new directions.

As a rule, tourist associations and organizations solve those questions that a separate member of the association cannot solve independently or such a decision would be unnecessarily expensive for him. Joint efforts travel associations and organizations can effectively and in a relatively short time to solve the common problems of their members. Travel associations and organizations may take on some functions of government agencies of tourism. Travel associations and organizations are created to facilitate the development of tourism, exchange and contacts between enterprises of the tourism industry, joint development of tourist policies and active lobbying of their interests, marketing research and promotion of the tourist product. Travel associations and organizations can be used to build some elements of the marketing information system.

Marketing Information System (Mis, Marketing Information System - MIS) travel enterprise - This is a totality of resources and procedures used to collect information with a given accuracy and frequency, processing, sorting, analysis and evaluation with timely bringing it to competent individuals for making effective marketing solutions.

Marketing information system allows you to:

Receive competitive advantages;
- reduce financial risks;
- to determine the market opportunities of the enterprise;
- identify favorable conditions;
- evaluate the state of the internal and external environment;
- evaluate and increase customer confidence in the services of the enterprise;
- to confirm or refute the assumptions of the leadership;
- improve the effectiveness of activities;
- to be able to early detect potential threats;
- Evaluate and control the implementation of plans, as well as promptly perform their adjustment.

The marketing information system consists of the following subsystems:

Subsystem of internal information;
- the subsystem of external information;
- A subsystem of marketing research.

In addition, an important element is the timely delivery of received and interpreted information to stakeholders. In this case, the cost of information should be monitored in order for it systematically either always (depending on the type of information) did not exceed the benefits of its use.

The internal information subsystem allows you to accumulate and analyze the necessary information within the travel enterprise. This information is generated by the activities of the enterprise and is constantly changing in connection with it. In this subsystem, the coordination of the work of the enterprise divisions is important in order to obtain timely, complete and reliable information describing the specified characteristics. With such a task, it is faster and more efficient to cope using software products to automate various activities, including solving the tasks of automation of accounting (financial and managerial), the accumulation of other information necessary for marketing services at tourism enterprises, data and management and management enterprises.

Sources of internal information may be:

Accounting information (financial statements, synthetic and analytical accounting accounts, primary documents, management accounting data);
- complaints and consumer complaints;
- business correspondence;
- contracts with buyers, suppliers and contractors and the history of relationships with them in various cuts and groups;
- data on the payment discipline of counterparties;
- data on booking and state of the number of the Fund;
- data obtained directly from guests by surveying, calls by phone, personal conversations, etc.;
- Check "Secret Guest".

The external information subsystem is divided into information about macrosses and a microcrin (competitive environment). In an external environment, it is important to track and evaluate innovations and trends in a timely manner.

Macros, as a rule, is beyond the sphere of the company's influence, but at the same time macrocarms can have a significant impact on the tourism industry. For analysis, macros are used by the Stug-Foci Model (Social, Technological, Economic and Political Impacts).

Sources of foreign marketing information can be:

Regulatory framework;
- MEDIA;
- exhibitions, conferences and presentations;
- consulting firms;
- statistical information;
- personal contacts of managers;
- polls;
- The Internet.

The marketing research subsystem includes:

Determination of the problem and setting goals;
- research planning processes;
- collection and analysis of data;
- Interpretation and presentation of research results.

Travel enterprises can independently build MIS, but at the same time some elements of the MIS can be obtained from associations in the tourism business. At the same time, associations will be able to ensure the relevance and accuracy of the information with greater information efficiency for each particular member of the Association.

Within the framework of MISA Association in tourism can be involved in the internal information subsystem for the inspection of the "Secret Guest", to summarize information by experts on business tourism in each placement facilities, etc.

In the external information subsystem, the association in tourism can be involved in almost all elements. External marketing information allows the tourist enterprise to track trends in the tourist market and respond quickly to them. To determine the potential and affordable market, assessment and forecasting of general market demand, the Associations in the tourist business are best suitable for conducting international marketing research. In this direction, specific difficulties associated with the linguistic barrier, distinction in tradition, are possible, regulatory legal regulation, level of information technology development, organization of individual permitting procedures and standards, etc. For example, the Association of Resorts of the Crimea annually publishes its marketing research on appreciation of satisfaction with rest and treatment, compliance price quality, ways to attract tourists during the offseason and others.

Tourist enterprise to achieve a competitive advantage other than marketing research conducted by associations, it is advisable to conduct its research on microenvas (for example, an assessment of customer satisfaction) and partially macros (for example, to predict market share).

The association can accumulate information about unscrupulous tour operators, their leaders and owners and put them in the so-called "black list". This will avoid or reduce in the future the number of conflict situations between tourists and the means of placement arising from the fault of the tour operators. For example, there are often cases when the placement agent arrives during the day from one to two to several tens of tourists who have paid for accommodation and food in the placement facility to the tour operator, which in turn did not transfer this money minus the placement commissions. In such a situation, if the means of placement does not spish, it carries reputational losses evenly unfounded, because Wines lies in an unfair tour operator. If the accommodation means populates such tourists, then financial losses may come if the accommodation means will eventually not receive payment for this - in the amount of the cost of living of such tourists and profits, if the opportunity to settle another group was missed. A special severity of the situation can be added to the fact that the arrived tourists may be foreigners even if they are not from neighboring countries, and their tour operator is not a resident of Ukraine and he has a contract with a means of placement directly without intermediaries. In this case, losses can be compiled in addition to the above and sanctions for non-repayment of currency revenues (the service is provided, and the currency has not received), in addition, the foreign economic activity of the enterprise can be paralyzed.

Within the framework of associations, it is relatively easy to implement research by expert assessments. Associations can be the basis for creating joint on-line booking systems. Currently, in Ukraine, a number of important indicators in the tourism industry are not going to in general and in business tourism in particular, namely: income on one number (RevPar), profit from operating activities for one number (GOVPAR), the average cost of one number (ADR ) By category of accommodation. These indicators would make comparisons with foreign markets, identify problems and search for ways to solve them. Associations in tourism until the transition to the collection of these data at the state level could count them on the basis of information from their members.

Association activities depends on their species. It is proposed to classify tourist associations and organizations as follows:

1. By territorial sign:

Worldwide;
- international regional;
- national;
- Regional.

2. According to the degree of participation of state bodies:

Official (intergovernmental);
- Unofficial.

3. Depending on the statutory goals and tasks:

Universal;
- specialized.

4. By the size of the participants:

Associations uniting small market players (Association of Small Hotels and Apartments of Ukraine);
- associations uniting major market players;
- Mixed.

5. According to the participants of the tourist services market:

From the demand (association of cycling);
- From the part of the sentence:
- associations of accommodation;
- associations of tourist intermediaries;
- Mixed.

6. By type of tourism:

Crimean Association of Rural Green Tourism;
- Association of Business Tourism of Ukraine;
- and etc.

On the modern stage Tourism development in Ukraine is of particular interest to business tourism, since the volume of the Ukrainian market of business travel in 2011, according to World Travel and Tourism and Tourism, amounted to $ 2.883 billion and the growth is forecast by 2021 to $ 6.116 billion at the price of 2011. The volume of the Ukrainian market is projected. Private travels in 2011 - $ 6.271 billion and growth is predicted by 2021 to $ 9.349 billion. In 2011 prices, the business travel market will develop more than the private travel market, since The rate of their growth is one and a half times higher than private travel.

In February 2007, the Association of Business Tourism of Ukraine was organized as "the non-profit association of enterprises of Ukraine, whose activities are associated with business tourism and the meeting industry, as well as enterprises and legal entities interested in the development of business tourism in Ukraine." The Association of Business Tourism of Ukraine offers to solve a black list problem to use the QUALIFY PEOPLE system.

For business tourism, the Association could accumulate information on the conduct of various kinds of MICE events (the average period of the event, the geography of participants, additional services, which enjoyed the greatest demand, etc.) and summarize the experience of their organization for business tourism experts in accommodation . This will contribute to the meeting with the best level of the organization, and some events will allow, raising their organization level, to repeat in the long run. In the book of Marten Bed (Maarten Vanneste) "Meeting Architecture, a Manifesto" (Meeting Architecture, A Manifesto) is dedicated to the "architect of meetings as a new profession." Martin Basse residents gives the definition of an architect of the meeting (Meeting Architect): "Architect meetings -InDima, which focuses on the purpose of a potential meeting, its format and design, as well as conceptual and practical blocks to build a meeting aimed at the best training, commercial information and motivation Member of the event. He or she also knows how to measure the results of the meeting until the 5th level - ROI. Architect meetings as it is described by me here still does not exist. The ultimate goal is a formal education, certification and master's degree in the architecture of the meetings. " The five levels of the results of the meetings are described as follows: "I see these levels in the form of a stream: we must see a happy (level 1) of the participant, to open it with training (level 2) so that after the meeting, they can apply what they found out, (3 ) And, therefore, affect (4) on business, which ultimately generates an increase in income or reducing costs (5). " In Ukraine, associations in tourism and universities, combining the strengths of each other, in the conditions of sustainable growth of business tourism in absolute and in relative indicators (The share of business tourism in the amount of private travel and business tourism) should develop partnerships in order to prepare graduates and improve the qualifications of workers who meet the requirements for the architect meetings.

According to the results of the study, you can do the following conclusions:

Travel associations and organizations are created to facilitate the development of tourism, exchange and contacts between enterprises of the tourism industry, joint development of tourist policies and active lobbying of their interests, marketing research and promotion of the tourist product. Travel associations and organizations can be classified on various features.

Associations in tourism within the framework of the marketing information system can be involved in the study and analysis of the Subsystem of External Information, the competence of associations in conducting international marketing research, the compilation of the "black list" of unscrupulous tour operators, their leaders and owners are particularly traced. Within the framework of associations, it is relatively easy to implement research by expert assessments. Associations can be the basis for creating joint on-line booking systems. Currently, in Ukraine, a number of important indicators in the tourism industry are not going to in general and in business tourism in particular, namely: income on one number (RevPar), profit from operating activities for one number (GOVPAR), the average cost of one number (ADR ) By category of accommodation. These indicators would make comparisons with foreign markets, identify problems and search for ways to solve them. Associations in tourism until the transition to the collection of these data at the state level could count them on the basis of information from their members.

The article proposes:

Classification of tourist associations;
- verification of the quality of the services provided for the means of placement of members of the Association "Secret Guest";
- Recommendations to associations to implement together with universities to improve the qualifications of employees to the meeting architect described by Martin (Meeting Architect);
- Directions of work to improve the system of indicators in tourism.

Thus, tourism associations can be the basis for the sustainable development of the tourism industry of Ukraine. They can carry out that individual participants in the tourist market cannot implement or it would be economically inappropriate or not at that qualitative level that is required.

The work of tourist associations with tour operators is chosen as the direction of future research.

Sources and literature

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2. Durovich A.P. Marketing research in tourism / A.P. Durovich. - SPb.: Peter, 2008. - 384 p.
3. Koter F. Marketing. Hospitality / F. Kotler, J. Bowen, J. Maicenz. - M.: Uniti-Dana, 2005. - 1063 p.
4. Bystrov S.A. Tourism: Macroeconomics and Microeconomics / S.A. Bystrov, MG Vorontsova. - SPb.: Ed. House "Gerda", 2007. - 464 p.
5. Quarternes V.A. Tourism: studies. / V.A. Quarterna. - M.: Finance and Statistics, 2006. - 336 p.
6. Economics and organization of tourism: international tourism: studies. Allowance / E.L. Dracheva, Yu.V. Zabev, D.K. Ismayev et al; Ed.: I.A. Ryabova, Yu.V. Zabeba, E.L. Dracheva. - 3rd ed., Act. and add. - M.: Knorus, 2007. - 576 p.
7. Association of Business Tourism of Ukraine: [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.mice.com.ua/
8. Qpeople project (Qualify People): [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.qpeople.com.ua/
9. Maarten Vanneste. Meeting Architecture, a Manifesto / Maarten Vanneste. - Printed by Vestagraphics, Manufactured in Poland, 2008. - 157 p.