What the presentation forest gives us. A project on the surrounding world on the topic: "What does the forest give us" (grade 2)

In economics

Our distant ancestors lived in the forests, using their gifts as food. Modern man also continues to enjoy natural resources... What does the forest give us? A lot of things:

• materials for construction;
• paper;
• wood fuel;
• furniture.

Of course, in order to save money, people have learned to create artificial materials, but all the same, natural wood is highly valued.

Medications

While working on the project "What does the forest give to people", one should definitely reveal one more aspect - medicinal plants. Centuries ago, folk healers used coltsfoot, cornflower, chamomile, calamus and other representatives of the flora to treat numerous ailments. Now medicinal properties These and many other plants have been scientifically proven, therefore their extracts and oils are widely used not only in pharmacology, but also in cosmetology.

So, blueberries are an excellent remedy to prevent diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

Food

Grows in the woods a large number of mushrooms, which are very tasty, they can be fried, pickled, salted. The rich mushroom soup is especially fond of. Without forests, people would never have known this unusual taste!

In the forest thickets, there are trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants:

• blueberry;
• Rowan;
• raspberries;
• blueberry;
• strawberries.

Their berries are distinguished by a whole range of useful properties, loved by children and adults.

Finally, wild animals, who found their home among the trees - a source of food for people from time immemorial, our ancestors used their meat for food, made clothes and shoes from skins, from bones, fangs and tusks - tools and weapons. It is the ability to create them that is the key difference between humans and animals. Therefore, studying in grade 3 what the forest gives people, it is necessary to voice to the children the idea that without the forest and its inhabitants, the very existence of man would become impossible. But that's not all, forest resources are truly enormous.

Useful properties of berries

Considering what the forest gives us, it should be noted that most of the forest berries have a lot of useful properties. So, lingonberry, which prefers to grow in pine forests, contains a lot of sugar, therefore it is actively used for making jam. In addition, the leaves of the plant are also used for medicinal purposes; they have a disinfecting effect.

Blueberries are a wonderful gift from the forest. Its delicious berries help improve vision, are used in the fight against scurvy, and are an excellent way to prevent cancer... The plant itself prefers moist forests.

Forest raspberry is a natural antipyretic.

Also, berries grown in forests have a large number of advantages:

• Thanks to growing far from civilization, they are environmentally friendly and completely safe for health.
• Due to the high content of antioxidants, these gifts of the forest are an excellent means of preventing aging.
• They are rich in vitamins, while they do not accumulate in their composition harmful substances and heavy metals.

All this allows us to answer the question of what the forest gives us: healthy products, a large number of vitamins.

Role in the life of indigenous peoples

There are some peoples who still survive only at the expense of forests: they hunt, pick berries and mushrooms, and often these types of activities are the main methods of obtaining food.

This dependence on nature is primarily inherent in indigenous aboriginal peoples who live far from civilization and do not have the opportunity to exist in any other way. Sometimes such nationalities are in contact with the outside world, exchanging plants or animals they have obtained in the forests for the benefits of civilization: clothes, shoes, equipment.

Other beneficial properties

Concluding the consideration of the question of what the forest gives us, we note a few more points:

• A large number of trees obstruct rivers, preventing water from spilling over long distances.
• The roots of trees and bushes protect the soil cover from washing out.
• A large number of living creatures find a home in the wilderness: animals, birds, insects, many species are rare or endangered. Therefore, it is precisely at the expense of forests that it is possible to preserve the species diversity of plants and animals. Active felling of trees leads to the fact that animals have nowhere to live.
• Recreational tourism. The opportunity to go to the forest for a while, to put up a tent is an excellent option for a recreational holiday, which will give a lot positive emotions.
• Use for home furnishing in the now popular eco-style.

All this proves that forests are of great importance to humans, which is why the wealth bestowed by nature itself should be treated with care, consciously and rationally use this resource.

The answer to the question of what the forest gives us cannot be unambiguous. Without trees and shrubs, grasses and wild animals, life itself on the planet is not possible.

What does the forest give? Can be detailed .... and got the best answer

Answer from Victor Shilov [guru]
vsmisle what gives ???

Answer from Doctor[guru]
The value of the forest for human life:
-Source of food (mushrooms, berries, animals, birds, honey)
-Energy source (firewood)
-Construction material
-Raw materials for production (paper production)
-Regulator of natural processes (forest plantations to protect the soil from weathering)
The importance of forests for human health:
The forest is of great sanitary and hygienic and medicinal value. In the air natural forests there are more than 300 names of various chemical compounds. Forests actively transform atmospheric pollution, especially gaseous ones. Conifers (pine, spruce, juniper), as well as some varieties of lindens and birches have the highest oxidizing ability. The forest actively absorbs industrial pollution, in particular dust, hydrocarbons.
Forests, especially coniferous ones, emit phytoncides - volatile substances with bactericidal properties. Phytoncides kill pathogenic microbes. In certain doses, they have a beneficial effect on nervous system, enhance the motor and secretory functions of the gastrointestinal tract, improve metabolism and stimulate cardiac activity. Many of them are enemies of pathogens. infectious diseases, but only if there are few of them. Phytoncides of poplar buds, Antonov apples, eucalyptus have a detrimental effect on the influenza virus. Oak leaves kill the bacteria of typhoid and dysentery.

Answer from Solar wind[guru]
the forest provides oxygen and habitat for a huge number of terrestrial living creatures. there will be no forest there will be no nifiga. and you and me too

Answer from Alina Lelina[active]
fuel

Answer from Ѐ K[guru]
Clean air is oxygen. Wood. Furniture, building materials, matches, paper are made from it. Pine is used to make not only paper, stand materials, etc., sugar, resins, glue, rope are also made from it, fodder yeast, alcohol, gasoline, combustible gases and many, many more are bred on it ...

Answer from Death The Killer[newbie]
Industry Through the forest, factories and factories receive the main products of the industry, consisting of wood. These are wood resins, wood flour, from which linoleum, wood-laminated plastic, cellulose, turpentine, alcohol, chipboard, fibreboard, etc. are made. The list can be continued for a long time. Wood is used in the economy, it acts as a timber and sawn timber, such as timber, plywood, boards. What does timber give us in the industrial sphere? Railways, construction buildings, bridges, power transmission towers and more.
Many objects necessary for mankind are made from processed products and from wood itself: chairs, blackboards, teachers' chairs, desks, ceilings, floors, window frames, school roofs, walls. Smaller items: sneaker materials, briefcases, toys, outerwear fabrics, skis, golf clubs, sledges, soccer balls. This list is also far from complete. What benefits the forest brings to the national economy The national economy cannot do without forest materials from which they are created: shovel handles, boats, sledges, matches, carts, plywood, furniture, varnishes, fishing floats, wheel rims, etc. Each of us can myself continue this list. Think at least for a minute, what would it be if there was no wood? Where would we end up? Spruce wood White with a yellowish tint, with a silk tint, pliable and sonorous, spruce wood has been valued by mankind for a long time. It was used to build royal chambers, temples, huts, bridges and sheds. Spruce wood gave us the opportunity to develop creatively, thanks to such instruments: guitar, violin, balalaika and other musical sources. Just one cubic meter of such wood gives 600 semi-silk suits, 400 pairs of magnificent silk stockings and 250 kg of cellulose. Pine resin For the economy, in the forests, resin is mined (pine resin). To do this, using specially prepared notches, cut the bark of a tree and collect the resin in a bowl. Pine juice produces rosin - a substance that produces garden putty, driers, high-quality soap, synthetic rubber, plastic, varnishes, artificial leather. Benefits of the forest You still ask, what does the forest give to man? The forest feeds man! Berries, mushrooms, animal and poultry meat are all the merit of forests. The forest dresses the man! Forest animals are rich in warm natural fur, which is used to dress people in the chilly winter season. The forest teaches a person, he gives him all the necessary school subjects. The forest heals with its useful medicinal herbs... The forest saturates our lungs with carbon dioxide and oxygen. We can talk about the benefits of forests for a very long time. But the conclusion will always be the same - they need to be protected and not to forget how important it is for each of us.

Sabirova Alina., Happy Vlad, Okisor Anna, Popov Nikita, Bogdanova Oksana

The goal of the project is to trace the image of the forest, to find out its significance in the fate of a person.

The guys put forward a hypothesis: perhaps the forest is not only a source of raw materials and clean air, but the forest is a living soul.

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Completed by: Popov Nikita, Okisor Anna,

Bogdanova Oksana, Happy Vlad,

Sabirova Alina

Head: R. G. Sabirova,

primary school teacher

G. Serov, 2014

1. Introduction.

2. What does the forest give to a person?

3. How are humans and forests related?

4.How to behave in the forest?

5. Conclusion.

6. Application.

Introduction.

You can see such miracles in the forest
The forest inspires us in life,
Trees laugh and cry
They wail with branches, then gossip.

Their lives are filled with beauty
Sometimes kind, and sometimes overbearing,
And like a man, the forest has a destiny,
It can be fatal, it can be joyful.

Our work is dedicated to the forest.

We turned to this topic for a reason.

The forest is a green friend, a spacious house,

Everyone is comfortable in that house.

The dense forest is covered with mystery,
He keeps many secrets.

All the guys really wanted

Get closer to forest resources.

The goal of our project is to trace the image of the forest, to find out its significance in the fate of a person.

To achieve this goal, we have set ourselves the following tasks:

1. To study the literature on this topic.

2. Determine the role of the forest in the fate of a person.

3. Take measures to protect the forest.

We have chosen the following working methods:

• Questionnaires, interviews
• Working with literature
• Campaign work
• Analysis and synthesis

We have structured our work as answers to questions:

1What is a forest for?
2. What harm has humans done to forests?
3. How are the forest and man related?
4. How to behave in the forest?

We put forward a hypothesis: perhaps the forest is not only a source of raw materials and clean air, but the forest is a living soul.

What does the forest give to man?

Before starting to work with literature, we decided to conduct a survey among students and received the following results:

Do you like the forest? - 19 pers. - yes 1 person - no

What makes you happy in the forest?

Beauty - 11 people

silence-5 people

calmness - 4 people

As we can see from the survey, the vast majority of children are associated with the forest, so we consider the topic to be relevant.

Forests are often called the green ocean, and rightfully so. Forests are a part of nature, without them as without water, as a person cannot do without air. They are spread over the vast expanses of the country. This is our national wealth and we must manage it in a businesslike way. The forest is a friend and protector of man. He feeds, dresses, heals people. Scientists have calculated that one hectare of forest cleans 18 million cubic meters of air during a year and absorbs as much carbon dioxide in one hour as 200 people breathe out during this time.

It is difficult to enumerate everything that a forest gives to a person. Until now, another 2/3 of humanity prepares food with wood fuel. From the green treasury, our country annually receives 400 million m3 of wood, which serves as a source for obtaining 200 thousand types of various materials, substances and compounds: building parts, paper, cardboard, furniture, plastics, artificial silk and fur, protein concentrates, glucose and much much more.

In addition, the forests are rich in forage and medicinal herbs, berries and mushrooms. In the forests, a hunting economy is developing, and in forest reservoirs - fish farming. The forest protects the rivers from shallowing, the fields - from drought. The forest is cool on a hot day, and a rest from the city noise, and a refuge from the freezing wind and blizzard. Forest air has healing properties... Hygienists have calculated that the noise of trees, the noise of falling water and almost all noises that occur in nature have a frequency within1000 vibrations per second.These noises create a useful, very necessary acoustic background..

The sheet surface retains dust, emissions industrial enterprises, purifies the air. On one hectare of spruce forest, up to 32 tons of dust settle on the needles. People cannot live without forests and rivers. It is worth cutting down trees along the banks of the rivers, they immediately become shallow, the soil is washed off and ravines are formed.

It is difficult to enumerate everything that the forest gives to a person:

What do we plant when planting forests?
Masts and yards - keep the sails,
The deckhouse and deck, ribs and keel -
Wandering on the sea in a storm and calm.
What do we plant when planting forests?
Radio masts - to catch voices
The table at which you will write
Pen, ruler, pencil case and notebook.
What do we plant when planting forests?
Light wings - fly to the skies
House and swing, shuttle and bench,
And your wooden horse.
What do we plant when planting forests?
The thicket where the badger and the fox roam,
The thicket where the squirrel hides the squirrels,
The thicket where the crows scream in the morning.
What do we plant when planting forests?
The leaf on which the dew falls
Air for the lungs and moisture and shade
This is what we are planting today!

As we can see, forests have a very great importance for a person. Without it, a full-fledged human life is impossible on our territory.

What harm does man do to forests

A person gets a lot from the forest, but he himself often becomes, intentionally or unintentionally, the source of many troubles: the destruction of forests by improper management, destruction by fires, poaching. Where there are relatively few people and the economic impact on forests is insignificant, forests are more or less successfully coping with the consequences of human impact. But in populated areas where forests are often visited by people and are used for a variety of economic activity, people have to make some efforts so that the forest does not die, does not lose its attractiveness for recreation, its ability to conserve water, air and the human environment in general.
According to research by one news magazine, over the past 50 years, man has destroyed 70% of the world's forests. About 30% of the forests still remaining on Earth have been split into pieces and are dying out; deforestation in them is proceeding at a very high speed.

The use of the forest for recreation and tourism also harms our green friend to one degree or another. The presence of even one person in it does not pass without a trace, especially if he believes that everything is permissible for him. But families or large groups usually go to the forest. Here one cannot do without fires, which leave tracts of land lifeless for several years.

This means that we are destroying our "beloved nature" ourselves - mushroom pickers, hunters, tourists, participants in funny picnics. Therefore, sitting down with a nice company by the fire, one must remember that our joy can easily turn into a misfortune, an irreparable loss for nature and society.

At first glance, imperceptible changes in the forest cover are caused even by walking in the forest, as a result of which grass and young trees are trampled down, slightly rising above the ground. The people noticed: one person leaves a trail in the forest; a hundred - a path; a thousand is a desert.

Even mature trees suffer from the same cause. To a large extent, trees are also weakened from damage to the bark from knives and axes. No wonder the proverb says: "Whoever removes the bark from a tree - it kills"

Dries birch ...

Zaruba - almost to the core

Birch tears

They run both bright and innocent.

From a wound deep

Cool moisture drips off ...

Ah, a delicacy with juice!

To whom

You turned around

Good? ..

People should always remember that the tree is their friend. Society for the conservation of nature, nature lovers and in general everyone should not only protect green spaces, but also contribute to their increase

It's time to understand

That it is necessary to replenish the loss of forests.

Future generations will suffer -

Grow quickly new forest will not work!

Russian forests - not a free shop
We need to take care of them, and protect, and groom them.
And man, alas, is not a master at all,

And the first one to suffer from the pain inflicted on the forest.

It's time to understand how important it is to protect the forests of our Earth
From the crafts of people, from the terrible drought ...

Can't be destroyed in vain

Respiratory organs of the Earth,
Otherwise, happiness breathe clean air

We will not experience it in the near future!

Everyone should understand that not only a forester

The forest must protect from sparks and smoke,

The forest for many people - talking, alive -

Together we need to protect it!

The forest gives strength, without a doubt,
Let the ecology improve
And the forest will give those people inspiration,

Who will remember the law: "Protect the forest!"

How forest and man are related

Russian forest! No landscape is as rich in colors as the Russian forest. And how much poetry is contained in it! The forest is beautiful at any time of the year. There are many songs, proverbs, sayings, riddles, jokes about the forest.
Our forests excite every person who loves their homeland, has a beneficial effect on his soul. The beauty of the forest - inexhaustible source inspiration for poets, writers, composers, artists. Many poems, paintings, musical works were born thanks to the love for nature, for the forest.

There is nothing sweeter to wander and think here

It will heal, warm, feed the Russian forest ..

Life seems different and my heart does not hurt,

when overhead, Like eternity the forest rustles.

Forest ... This is a special world that attracts us with its mystery, beauty, cheerful noise. The forest, like a magician, takes possession of the emotional world of a person, gives rise to a feeling of admiration, emotional balance, bright poetic moods, flashes of manifestation of versatile talents.

It is thanks to the love for the forest that we can read interesting works of such writers as K. Paustovsky, M. Prishvin, V. Bianki, I. Sokolov - Mikitov. The artist I. Shishkin can be called the singer of the forest.

Any ordinary person, having been in the forest, having talked with the trees, is filled with special energy.

Love for the homeland has always been a national trait of Russian poets, they could find deep meaning in the imperceptible, outwardly shy Russian nature.

A wonderful person lives in our village - Sergei Semenovich Merzlyakov, he is the grandfather of our classmate. From early childhood, Sergei Semenovich loved to walk in the forest, he was captivated by the beauty of the Ural forests. Communication with nature gave him inspiration. All his feelings, impressions, he splashed out in his poems.

The winds sway the willow branches

Shaking off a long winter dream

With difficulty combing the mane

Bare crowns woven into braids.

In the warmth of the spring breath,

Spreading emerald plush

The pine tree is full of charm

Having taken the first shower in April.

We met with wonderful poet and received answers to the following questions:

At what age do you write poetry?

From 15 years old.

What is your work most dedicated to?

Of course. Nature, our rich Ural forests.

What does forest mean in your life?

The forest is my whole life! I love to go to the forest for mushrooms and berries, I love fishing on forest lakes, I just love to admire the beauty and breathe clean healthy air.

Are there any poems that were written after communicating with nature, with the forest?

Almost all poems are born after communication with nature, inspiration appears.

The forest can be called a sage, since he is always ready to listen carefully, his calmness helps to make the right decision.

The forest is a doctor who heals the soul. But only a kind person who has an open soul himself can understand, feel the soul of the forest.

We enter the forest, as into a wonderful tower-fairy tale,
Into the world of coolness, silence and magic.
We enter, holding our breath, into a riot of bright colors,
In the triumph of good over dark evil,
To contemplate forest tale,
To become kinder and better then.

The forest helps you find peace and feel at home:

I am human! I am not given

Become a forest dweller,

But, having opened only a window into nature,

I am becoming different.

Nourishes the forest with its energy

And it gives me strength.

And every time I rush faster

At the call of the birds, animals.

I cannot comprehend with my mind

But I feel with my soul

That the forest is my second home:

I find peace here!

It is no coincidence that psychologists advise people who are experiencing mental anxiety to wander through the pine forest, to communicate with nature. hear her voice.

How to behave in the forest

A person in the forest cannot but influence forest ecosystem, especially if he is in the forest for a long time, picks mushrooms or berries, makes a fire, puts up a tent. But the influence of a person can be different. From the one who treats the forest with care, barely noticeable traces remain, which can completely disappear in a week. From careless vacationers who do not care about nature and other people, mountains of garbage, damaged trees remain in the forests, and often their rest ends in a forest fire. Careless and thoughtless vacationers cause no less damage to the forest than intruders - poachers, "black lumberjacks", arsonists. In order for our stay in the forest not to lead to trouble and leave unpleasant traces, it is necessary to follow a few simple rules.

Fire safety.The biggest misfortune that can be caused by a person in the forest is a forest or peat fire. A forest fire can arise from the slightest source - an abandoned unextinguished match, a cigarette butt, a spark from a muffler of a motorcycle or car, a smoldering gun wad, and, of course, from an unextinguished fire or dry grass set on fire in or near the forest. Dry moss or lichen, forest floor, peat can smolder for hours before smoldering turns into an open flame. Therefore, often a person does not even know that he became the culprit of a forest fire - but the forest, nevertheless, burns down (and sometimes not only the forest, but also the houses located next to it, or even entire villages) burn down.
In order not to become an unwitting culprit in a forest fire, you must follow a few simple rules.
First, never and nowhere burn dry grass. The vast majority of spring forest and peat bog fires occur precisely as a result of arson of dry grass (in addition, several hundred houses are burned down annually in our country from arson of dry grass, grass smoke causes enormous damage to people suffering from diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and respiratory organs). Not everyone is able to cope with a grass fire, especially on a windy day - as a result, fires of dry grass sometimes spread for many kilometers, causing fires in forests and forest belts, destroying young trees.

Secondly, do not make fires unnecessarily, and if you start, then only where there is no danger that peat, forest litter or rags accumulated between the stones will begin to smolder from the fire. In forests with a thick moss or lichen cover, or with thick forest floor, it is necessary to clear the place for the fire and the adjacent strip of combustible residues. The fire must not be left unattended, and before leaving it must be thoroughly extinguished - so that there is not even the slightest trace of smoke from it, and so that the warmth is not felt by the hands.

Thirdly, do not allow sparks, unfinished matches, cigarette butts, firecrackers, firecrackers and similar items to fall on the ground, which can become a source of decay and fire. In summer, in a dry forest, and especially in a peat bog, you have to behave as if you are in a powder store - this will be the only correct and safe behavior for the forest.

Fourth, if a fire is found in the forest (an abandoned fire, smoldering moss or litter, burning grass), try to extinguish the fire on your own, and if this does not work out, report it to the fire department or the nearest forestry as soon as possible by calling by phone 8-800-100-94-00 (this is the all-Russian telephone of the forest guard), 01, 112, or any other emergency telephone number you know.

Compliance with cleanliness.One of the most noticeable traces of human presence in the forest is garbage. Forests near cities, towns and major roads throughout the country very quickly turn into solid dumps of a variety of waste, mainly left by citizens vacationing in the forests. Although under the current forestry legislation, forests must be protected from pollution, no one can cope with the millions of citizens littering in the forests. And the more the forest is littered, the more willingly its next visitors leave their garbage in it.

Only the common efforts of all people can save forests from debris. A cultured person who respects himself and others should in no case leave any waste of his life in the forest - all garbage should be taken with him and thrown away where it is collected and disposed of. An exception can be made only for rapidly decomposing organic waste, but they should also be hidden, since any garbage in the forest can lead the next visitor to the idea that littering is customary here.

In exceptional cases, if for some reason it is impossible to take all the garbage with you, safe and degradable waste can be buried, having previously taken measures to ensure that it decomposes as quickly as possible. Non-hazardous flammable waste that cannot be taken with you should be burned, cans should be burned. It is imperative to take glass and plastic with you - they practically do not decompose in the natural environment, and burning plastic is dangerous in itself.

If possible, it is worth removing the garbage left by other people - after all, we have one Earth, and someone always has to correct the consequences of the bad manners of others.

Compliance with silence.Noise made by people can cause a lot of harm to the forest and its inhabitants. Many animals and birds, especially during the breeding period (in spring and summer), are very sensitive to extraneous loud sounds. Loud screams, music, firecrackers, the noise of motorcycles and mopeds and other similar sounds can scare animals and birds, force them to abandon their nests, offspring, and move to other areas. Noise is one of the main reasons that animal world forests around cities, businesses, roads and other places where people and technology are many are much poorer than the wildlife of wild forests.

Loud sounds made by some people often greatly interfere with other people to relax, enjoy the silence of the forest. For most of those who like to relax in the forest, pick mushrooms and berries, silence is one of the main advantages of such a vacation. It is very unpleasant for these people to listen to loud music and the screams of other vacationers, from whom, especially in the suburbs and other densely populated places, there is often simply nowhere to hide.

Finally, one who constantly makes loud noise in the forest has almost no chance of meeting interesting wild animals. The animals are not very afraid of a person who just quietly walks through the forest, but a person who walks through the forest with the radio turned on, rides a motorcycle, screams loudly for no reason, most animals and birds are afraid like fire.

Therefore, the most correct thing is to always try to behave in the forest as quietly as possible - not only for the sake of the forest itself, but also out of respect for other people resting in this forest.

Compliance with laws and regulations.According to Russian forestry legislation, citizens have the right to freely and free of charge in the forest, to pick mushrooms, berries, nuts, and medicinal plants for their own needs. But there is also something that cannot be done in the forest without special permission, or even cannot be done at all.

Without a special permit (sale and purchase agreement), citizens are not allowed to harvest wood in the forest. According to the current legislation, one or another liability is provided for the harvesting of any timber, including dead and fallen trees. A very serious liability is provided for illegal felling - recovery of damage (which depends on many conditions and can be very large even for one tree), heavy fines, and even imprisonment for up to six years.

Without a special permit (usually a sale and purchase agreement), you cannot harvest Christmas trees and other conifers for new year holidays even if the felling of a particular tree does not harm the forest - for example, under a power line or on the side of a road.

It is impossible to damage and destroy rare and endangered plants listed in the Red Book Russian Federation or regional Red Data Books. These species include many flowering plants that people like to collect in bouquets (which is why these types of plants are becoming rare or even disappearing). Therefore, collecting bouquets of beautiful forest flowers may well turn into a violation, and even a crime. It is best not to pick beautiful flowers in the forest - this will not only help to preserve rare species plants, but also allows other people to look at them.

It is prohibited to damage or destroy various forestry signs (posts, posters and others), planting forest trees, various forestry equipment left in the forest outside of working hours.

You cannot set fire to the forest or leave an open fire in the forest, you cannot litter the forest - these are not only good form rules, but also a requirement of the current forest legislation. Responsibility for forest fires, including accidental ones, and for organizing an illegal dump in the forest can be very severe.

We organized a meeting with a representative of our Serov forestry, chief specialist in reforestation Novoselova Svetlana Vladimirovna and learned interesting information:

Serov forestry area - 428012 hectares

Pine and spruce seedlings are planted annually for artificial reforestation on an area of ​​200 hectares (including 110 hectares in burnt forests). For this, 600 thousand seedlings are used.

Over the past 3 years, all fires have been caused by humans:

2011 - 47 fires, area - 472 hectares

2012 - 2 fires, area - 22.5 hectares

2013 - 3 fires, area - 12.7 hectares

The forest is our wealth, so it must be preserved. It is impossible to enumerate all the disasters caused by the destruction of forests, so a person must reconsider his attitude towards the forest.

Conclusion

So, while working on the project, we decided that our hypothesis was confirmed:

The forest gives us not only material benefits, but the forest soul, which rejoices with us and cries from pain, the forest is our friend, the source of all beauty, the healer of our souls.

Our forests excite every person who loves their homeland, has a beneficial effect on his soul. The beauty of the forest is an inexhaustible source of inspiration for poets, writers, composers and artists.

There is nothing sweeter to wander and think here

It will heal, warm, feed the Russian forest ..

Life seems different and my heart does not hurt,

When overhead, like eternity, the forest rustles.

Bibliography

1. In a birch grove. Stories. / V. Gakina-M .: Children's literature, 1976

2. Great canvases of Russian artists. / A. Astakhov- M .: White City, 2009

3.Yu. Dmitriev, N. Pozharitskaya. Book of Nature.-M .: Children's Literature, 1990

4. Hello, sun! -M.: Children's literature, 1976

5. S. Merzlyakov. I love you, birch Russia

6.I.Sokolov-Mikitov. Russian forest-M .: Children's literature, 1984

From childhood, every person knows what a forest is - from fairy tales, excursions, travel. Everyone had to be in the forest. Let's talk about what is the use of the forest.

Air factory

People do not always notice, appreciate and think about what nature has endowed them with. This can be said about the air... Man breathes air. What's so special about that? It cannot be otherwise. How to live without air? Clean air saturated with oxygen - wealth, heritage of all mankind, the whole planet.
But where does clean air come from? Humanity, it would seem, should have used it up a long time ago, poisoned by carbon dioxide, which is released during respiration and during the decay of organic matter. But we must also take into account the carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere by factories, plants, and transport. But the air is still relative clean and breathable... Why? Because the green substance in the leaves of the planet's plants - chlorophyll in the light absorbs excess carbon dioxide and releases pure oxygen. This miraculous process is called photosynthesis. And one of the prominent roles in this process of enormous scale and significance belongs to trees. The forest is useful because one hectare clears it a year eighteen million cubic meters of air! And the forest area, according to the UN, is 4.1 billion hectares! At present, when on our planet some cities and industrial centers poison themselves with harmful gases and carbon dioxide, only forests and parks are able to "ventilate" them. No other air conditioners can cope with this task so effectively. This means that the forest can rightfully be called air factory... Even if the forest played only a sanitary and hygienic role, then for this alone humanity would be grateful to it. invaluable. But he also has other, no less important roles.

Source Keeper

A source- a symbol of purity. V the purest water... Who has kept its freshness and crystal purity for centuries for us? And here the main role belongs to the forest... Here is another of his global benefits of the forest on planet Earth. Not to mention the needs of industry, a person just cannot live a day without a sip of water. From infancy to a ripe old age, we use water. We pollute it daily and nightly, and the forest untiringly and gratuitously cleans it, turning the muddy slurry that was once water into crystal springs. We can say that it gives birth to water anew. (By the way, land plants, taking into account the forest, spend on evaporation 16,000,000,000,000 tons of water per year. Or in other words - they drink 160 of the Aral seas to the bottom).
After a thunderstorm, everyone saw muddy muddy streams rushing into a ravine or into a nearby stream. But has anyone seen a similar picture in the forest? Unlikely. The forest does not allow surface movement of water, but forces it to seep through the soil and soil, forming reserves of clean ones. Filtered through the smallest capillaries of soil and soil, the water comes back to the surface - fresh, cool, spring.

The forest serves man

Forest disinterestedly serves man... It began a very long time ago, from the time when our ancestor first got up from all fours, straightened his back and took a gnarled club in his hands. The club proved to be sturdy, sturdy and very useful in the harsh primeval forests. Moreover, even before the baton, a person had to use the services of trees more than once. He escaped on them from predatory animals, spent the night in dense crowns, if there was no suitable cave. Then man learned how to make fire, built a primitive hearth and, finally, was able to cook meat for himself, which turned out to be much tastier than raw. In inclement weather, he warmed himself by the fire. It took a long time before people learned how to extract and burn coal and oil. Opening , did not reduce the demand for wood, however, like the fission of the atomic nucleus in the twentieth century. Tree! There is a tree at every step! Easy to process, durable, comfortable, beautiful, harmless! always up to date. It is difficult to name any branch of the national economy where forest materials are not used. Products and products obtained from them surround us from all sides. And despite the rather successful attempts to replace wood with other materials, the demand for it is increasing from year to year.
Wood provides an endless variety of products, without which we cannot imagine modern life. A simple listing of them creates an impressive picture: paper, rayon, artificial wool, turpentine, aspirin, thymol, creosote, acetic acid, methyl and ethyl alcohols, acetone, formalin, camphor, charcoal, essential oils, rosin, latex... And what about wood as a building material? Tables, chairs, furniture cabinets, parquet flooring, telegraph poles, plywood. Well, an ordinary, irreplaceable board. The list of useful things made of wood is endless.

What else is the forest useful for?

It just so happened that we are used to dividing everything around us into useful, useless and harmful, that is, to judge things from a practical point of view. And such a look seemed to justify itself. Although sometimes some things pass from the category of useful to useless, and vice versa. Though forests have never been classified as useless, but man needed fields for agriculture - and mighty trees retreated under the onslaught of an iron ax and merciless fire. The soils of the fields obtained in this way remained fertile for a long time, the farmer threw them away and again burned them down, plowed them up. The abandoned fields were exposed to wind and water erosion and deep ravines were formed. Now we know that the forest prevents destructive floods, soil washout and the formation of ravines, dust storms and delays dry winds, thereby increasing the overall yield of agricultural crops. The forest is still useful for those that it increases moisture circulation, purifies water, traps cold arctic air masses in the north, and in the south - hot winds of the Central Asian deserts. Forest is a regulator and keeper of moisture in soil and air. And who didn’t have to go for

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The creative name of the project: The forest is a home, and everyone is comfortable in it. "

The purpose of the project: the formation of environmental literacy of students. Project Objectives: To acquaint students with the meaning of the forest. Consider ecological problems in the forest belt, arising from the fault of man. Teach students to articulate learning objectives, choose ways of activity. Teach you to select information from various sources (including the Internet) and organize it. To develop skills of public presentation of the project.

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"Brainstorming" (the formation of research topics for students) - 1 lesson, 15 minutes. Forming groups for research, proposing hypotheses for solving problems - 1 lesson, 20 minutes. Choosing a creative name for the project (together with students) -2 lesson, 10 minutes. Discussion of the work plan of students individually or in a group - 2 lesson, 15 minutes. Discussion with students of possible sources of information - lesson 3, 20 minutes.

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Stages and terms of the project:

Independent work students to discuss the assignment of each in the group - 3 lesson, 10 minutes. Independent work of groups to complete assignments - 4, 5, 6 lessons. Preparing a presentation by schoolchildren on a progress report - lesson 7, 20 minutes. Defense of the obtained results and conclusions - 8th lesson, 20 minutes.

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The topic of the training project: What does the forest give to a person?

Fundamental question: What does the forest give to man? Problematic questions: Where and why do forests grow in Russia? What is the significance of the forest in human life? Where do forest ecological problems come from? Is man a friend or foe of the forest? Academic subjects: the world, literary reading. Participants: 4th grade students, Vorobyov Semyon, Asatryan Gegam, Fatkullina Darina, Samartseva Olesya.

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Problems (topics) of students' independent research:

"The forest is a home, and everyone is comfortable in it" -Vorobyov Semyon. Environmental problems of the forest. - Asatryan Gegam. Is man friend or foe? - Olesya Samartseva. Where and why do forests grow in Russia? - Fatkullina Darina.

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Research submission results:

Environmental competence of students on the topic of forest protection. Ability to work with information from different sources, illustrate it. Develop observation skills. Build research skills.

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Project: What does a forest give to a person?

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1. Where and why do forests grow in Russia?

Most of Russia is located in a forest zone that stretches from the country's eastern borders to its western borders. In the northern part of the forest belt, where the surface of the earth receives less heat than the southern, dense, difficult to pass coniferous forests, which are called taiga. In the taiga, cold-resistant tree species grow: spruce, pine, fir, larch and cedar. To the southwest of the taiga, the surface of the earth receives more heat and moisture, so they grow there together with conifers mixed forests: birch, aspen, alder, willow, bird cherry, oak. The most powerful tree in these forests is the oak. Oaks are demanding on soil, heat, moisture, therefore they spread eastward only up to the Ural Mountains. Further south are deciduous forests and groves. In these forests grow: maple, ash, beech, elm, oak, linden, hawthorn, viburnum, wild rose, raspberry. Forests occupy more than half of the territory of Russia and constitute our main natural wealth.

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2. "The forest is a home, and everyone is comfortable in it."

What is the significance of the forest in human life? There is nothing sweeter We are waiting for mountain ash in the forest, Wander and think here, Nuts and flowers. Heals, warms, Fragrant raspberries Feed the Russian forest. On dense bushes. And there will be a thirst to torment - Life seems different, Then I am a forestry And my heart does not hurt, Among thorny thickets When over my head, Shows a fontanel. The forest makes noise like eternity. The value of the forest: pharmacy source pure water and food source of wood source of fuel house for plants, animals, mushrooms protector of air, water bodies, soil resting place

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3. Environmental problems of the forest.

Where do forest ecological problems come from? We came to the river to spend Sunday, And you can't find a vacant place Near the river. They sit here and sit there: Sunbathe and eat, Rest as they want, Hundreds of adults and children. We walked along the bank And found a clearing. But on a sunny meadow Here and there are empty cans. And, as if to spite us, Even broken glass!

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Forest problems:

Broadleaf forests people are trying to preserve - there are very few of them. Back in the XVIII century. By the decree of Peter I, felling of oak groves was prohibited in Russia. Fishing is developed in the forest zone fur animal and fishing on rivers and lakes. However, the uncontrolled hunting of fur-bearing animals led to a decrease in their number. Therefore, now hunting for many animals is limited or prohibited at all. The main trouble in the forest zone is forest fires. Forest fires are very difficult to extinguish, especially in windy conditions. After the fire, the forest begins to die out slowly. Children's fun with burning dry grass very often turns into a tragedy for the forest. Attention! The forest is harmed by: Human pollution from food waste Deforestation Illegal hunting Fires

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Conclusions:

Forests in Russia grow in favorable conditions for them, which depend on heat, the amount of moisture, climatic conditions, soil properties, etc. The forest is important for humans as a source of health, clean air, and a habitat for animals. 3. The destruction of forests by man for economic needs and through negligence can lead to an ecological catastrophe on Earth. Protect the forest!

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