Painting on wood of the Vologda region. Vologda painting
BDOU SMR " Kindergarten 27 " Didactic game"Vologda painting" Educators: Mikhailova M.G. Savicheva L.L.
A field and a drag, but a meadow, and a river - Vologda, Vologda, you are far away! Wonderful Tsar City over the Sukhona River, Vologda, Vologda! You are not with me! You, like a swan, swim in the distance, Ring-ring by the river on your hand! Betrothed to a dear old man ... Vologda, Vologda, you are not with me! Who are you dreaming, my princess? Whose light boats are the anchors ringing? Whose bright tales are the rustling of pages? Are you feeding the firebirds from the palm of your hand today?
How do you live and how do you live? Are you weaving towels, singing songs? Or do you put your outfit in lace? Vologda-Ladushka, how are you alive? Vologda-Lada lives as it sings, Weaves all the patterns and delights, Gives the Rossiyushka with flax-milk ... Every home is rich in the Northern sun! And why is there so much sun in the houses? After all, Sukhona, Sheksna, and Dvina are covered with snow for the whole winter, The sun is hidden behind that barrel!
Well, what do we have ingenuity for? The sun shines with joy in the eyes - On painted trees, boards, linden, birch, pine! In every house there is a chest and a chest, a shelf, a saucer and a chest, a bread box, a box - a set for the kitchen, In different patterns that delight the eye! Painting of Glubokovka, painting of Sheksna, And Verkhovazhye happy dreams... Fairy tales, legends of the ancient land They found life in the paintings of Vologda!
We will draw such a round tray with a Khokhloma pattern.
We need:
Squirrel brushes 1, squirrel 2, wide flat for the background, your favorite for your polish;
Paints (in principle, any covering, but better waterproof, for example, tempera)
Sketch on paper
The tray itself (I have it with a diameter of 25 cm along the protrusions of the curly edge)
Varnish (any not very yellowing, for example, I used PF-283)
A little imagination and a lot of perseverance :)
We cover our tray with a basic background. In Khokhloma it is golden (we do not quite accurately follow the original technology), in the Vologda (northern) variety of Khokhloma, a silver background is used, but in this case I experimented and took a warm pearl white color.
While the background is drying, and even from all sides, we have a lot of time to draw a sketch. I will write about this stage a little later (using this particular sketch as an example) in a separate MK, now we already have finished sketch exactly for our work, drawn on paper (I had tracing paper).
We will place the finished sketch on our dish, secure it with masking tape and transfer it to our dish with a ballpoint pen with an ended core. The lines will be not colored, but embossed - visible only at a certain angle. I didn't succeed in photographing this, so let's look at the photo of the next stage - with a thin brush, we begin to trace along these lines with black paint.
In my opinion, there is nothing better for this than squirrel-1 and black tempera, but if you are more comfortable with others - your will.
The lines should be very thin and neat, since then the background will not be black everywhere, and the uneven lines will be immediately noticeable with a sloppy dirty spot. At the same time, it is not at all necessary to bother with a uniform thickness throughout the entire length of the line - it is enough if the thickenings are in harmonious places, for example, in the middle of the curly brace. Here's what you should end up with.
Upon closer examination, you will notice that some lines, especially the teeth of the leaves, are not closed. This is not because of my absent-mindedness or laziness, but because it turns out better with a non-black background. If the background was even lighter (for example, red), and even the whole, and not like here, zoned, then the stems would have to be drawn with only a single line - the second would be the background color.
I also decided not to circle the berries in black, so they are on this stage were not drawn, only legs for them.
Now we decide where exactly the borders of the black and blue backgrounds will go and start filling. Along the way, we leave unpainted space for the berries. For the background, take a thicker brush - squirrel-2 is perfect. Moreover, if it doesn't fit, you want to take a thicker brush - it means that you did not draw up a sketch in the best way, leaving too much space for the background :)
Considering that leaving space for the berries is a bit tedious, especially since then you still have to clarify their outlines, I tried the reverse order in relation to the blue part of the background.
Berries first:
And then the blue background. I didn't notice much difference in labor costs :)
Again we arm ourselves with a thin brush and black paint and do a lightning up. A few red dots, stuck with the back end of the brush, will revive the picture.
We admire. We wait until it dries - and we go with our masterpiece to the mirror, to look for missed shortcomings. Why not just watch? Yes, because the eye is blurred, but it’s like another object. In addition to the mirror, it also helps to take a picture and examine it in detail. For example, here you can see the light space between the berries, which are on a black background. We fix all the flaws we found and write grass around the entire stem and, in general, where there is a lot of emptiness.
To the northern graphic paintings of the 18th century. a group of painted wooden boxes of a cubic shape with hinged lids and wooden lattices, reinforcing the outside of their bottoms, belongs to. The painting of one of them is traditionally defined as Vologda. This is a box-styling, painted on the outside with a brush right on the bast with bold sweeping black outlines in combination with coloring in red and green. The depicted lion, birds, plants and especially the figures of people drinking wine with glasses in their hands amaze with the expression of a laconic drawing.
Box. Late 17th - early 18th centuries
Vologda province.
Researchers attribute the origins of this type of painting to the pre-Petrine time, see in it "the oldest artistic traditions" of graphic painting. Indeed, with all the originality of the style, the circle of images, plant motifs, and peculiarities of the color scheme - everything makes us see the origins of the paintings of bast boxes in the paintings of the Ustyug chests and caskets of the 17th century. There are similarities with the painting on the lid of a chest from Solvychegodsk.
The proximity to the centers of the Vologda Territory - Veliky Ustyug and Solvychegodsk - is indicated by the technique and nature of the image inside the box lid, where a parrot and a flower twig are clearly traced on a thin layer of chalk soil. It has not yet been possible to determine more precisely the center of production of these murals. Clarification of this question is a matter of future searches and research.
Box. XVIII century
Vologda province.
State Russian Museum
Detail of the painting inside the box lid.
To the circle of Vologda graphic paintings of the 18th century. include three more works. A large bast box-styling is painted on the outside and inside on the lid on a white background. Birds, plant motifs - tulips, bushes with berries, a tree with a multi-tiered crown are close to Ustyug. Figures, set in light angles, and especially the image of a couple walking hand in hand in the garden in the past art have no analogies. Perhaps they were based on prints or popular prints of Western European origin.
Boxes. XVIII century
Vologda province.
State Russian Museum
The other two boxes are also decorated on the outside with white-background painting: curls similar to volutes and flowers, and motifs similar to cartouches in bone carving, chased on copper of the 18th century. Here, apparently, the elements of baroque and rocaille ornamentation are interpreted somewhat awkwardly, inconsistently in the drawing. The cavalier figurine inside the lids is borrowed from Russian popular prints.
N.V. Taranovskaya
Literature:
... N.V. Taranovskaya. Painting on wood - In the book. Russian folk art in the collection of the State Russian Museum. L., Artist of the RSFSR, 1984.
... S.K. Prosvirkin, S.K. Zhegalova. Painted chests of the 17th-18th centuries - In the book: Treasures of Russian folk art. Wood carving and painting. M., 1967
... V.M. Vasilenko. Russian folk carving and painting on wood of the 17th - 20th centuries. - In the book: Folk art. Selected works on folk art of the 10th - 20th centuries. M., 1974
... V.M. Vasilenko. On the content in Russian peasant art of the 18th - 19th centuries. - In the book: Russian art XVIII - first half of the XIX century. Materials and research. M., 1971
The Vologda land is home to many wonderful crafts. A special place among them is occupied by wood painting, which has a rich variety of species. It was widespread in the Russian North at the end of the 19th and 20th centuries. Over the centuries, each locality has developed its own techniques, and its own peculiar language of painting.
Vologda painting is one of the most colorful in color, saturated with numerous elements in the ornament. An attractive feature of the Vologda painting is the decorativeness and reality of the reproduction of nature - berries, leaves, flowers.
Gifts with Vologda painting bring joy to the house, they are not only beautiful, but also practical to use.
The painting decorates bochata (from 300 rubles), salad bowls (from 300 rubles), candy bowls (from 400 rubles), spoons (from 160 rubles) and other products. Elegant and festive products with Vologda painting bring joy to our home, serve as a good gift, and at the same time, all items can be used in everyday life, they are utilitarian, solid and durable.
Sheksninskaya "gilded" - unusually bright, "fiery painting". Roots go back to ancient Russian culture, recalling the herbal ornaments of icons and handwritten books... The main motives of the painting are bizarre plants with outlandish leaves, flowers and fruits, on the branches of which proud birds with an eagle's eyes and a tail, sometimes turning into a floral pattern, sit.
Made to order.
Vologda painting is the direction of decorative art of the peoples of the north of the country. Wood painting has been known in Russia for a long time, it developed everywhere, in all areas of the vast territory. The difference consisted in the technology of preparing the product for work, in a set of traditional ornaments, in the predominance of any colors. More than ten types of painting are known only in this region, reflecting the originality of the northern region and the specific places in which they appeared.
Vologda art painting
If you look at the map of the Vologda region, you will not find settlements, wherever this folk craft develops. Residents of the banks of the Northern Dvina, Sukhona, tributaries of the Yuga and Luza, as well as the central and western regions of the Vologda province, decorated their homes, household utensils, furniture, tools, dishes with drawings characteristic only of their area. Nobody knows how many types of painting have been lost, but those that have been preserved are the values of Russian culture.
A harsh land rich in forest demanded endurance from people and promoted self-expression in the form of the development of crafts associated with the warmth of wood. At first, artistic carving appeared, and the Vologda painting of wooden products appeared much later. She picked up the themes proposed by earlier fishery, and significantly expanded them, leaving in her arsenal the techniques and technologies of the area.
Painting technique
In folk art, two styles of drawing on a product are distinguished: graphic and free-brush (smear).
In the north, examples of graphic painting are known that belong to XVII century... It was used to decorate household items: spinning wheels, boxes, chests, ladles, painted plates. The technique is as follows: a clear outline of the pattern is applied to the product, which is then painted with two or three colors. Masters use tempera paints in their work. There are several local centers of folk crafts in the Vologda Oblast that use this technique.
Free-brush, pictorial or brushstroke drawing appeared in the Russian North later, in early XIX century. But he himself was far from new, his roots go back to the deep past. The technique of execution differs from the graphic in a radical way. The artist does not apply a preliminary outline, he begins to paint on a "clean" product, immediately applying paint strokes. In this case, the hand moves freely, the borders of the image are somewhat blurred, there is no symmetry. It turns out a more believable, "life" drawing.
In this technique, the technique of applying two paints at once to the brush is often used: color and white. With one stroke, the master applies the main paint and immediately sets off, enhances its sound with whitewash. Free brush painting in the Vologda Oblast was most often found in the painting of large furniture or houses: on cornices, pediments, shutters.
Kharov painting
In the Kharovsky region, free-brush technology with graphic revival and lightening is used for painting wooden products. Traditionally, the painting of this area depicted plant subjects and, oddly enough, lions. Locals considered this beast a talisman for their homes. The lions in the pictures are very funny. They then look like dogs, then like cats, then stand on their hind legs. People and birds were drawn less often. Background colors were dominated by brown, green, maroon. Paints for painting were used in brown, blue, green colors.
Painted items were found by members of a search expedition in the Kharovsky region. There are fewer and fewer of them, and the task of artists trying to revive this craft is to preserve the found samples, study and copy them.
Glubokovo painting
In the northeast of the Vologda region, in the remote village of Glubokovka, a painting was born, consisting of classical elements that are combined into an intricate pattern. In fact, there were several villages, but the name of the painting was given by this one. Glubokovo painting is so rich different elements that all of them are difficult to list. More often than others, buds, curls, drops, brackets and many others are used. The early works were dominated by olive-brown colors, while the later ones were orange and red-brown.
Spinning wheels, wardrobes, doors were painted with such a painting. Modern masters with great skill reproduce the elements of painting on household utensils. A bread box in Glubokoe style will decorate any kitchen and cheer up the hostess. A calm bouquet of large curls is a traditional element of Glubokoe painting.
District of the Vologda region, located in the southwest, borders on Yaroslavl region... Here was born a graphic, bright, eye-catching painting. A small pattern of dots and petals, shoots and seeds creates a kind of either a tree or a flower. The peculiarity of the Gayutin painting is in the symmetrical filling of the plane, as if a fragment is being stamped throughout the entire product. Many bright colors are involved in the creation of the painting: red, orange, green, gold. And all this beauty is superimposed on the red background. Experts believe that the constantly depicted fantastic plant is the World Tree, connecting the Earth and the Sky and scattering the seeds of all plants. If so, then the ornament reminds us of our pagan roots.
Previously, this pattern was most often decorated with spinning wheels - those that were made as a gift to a girl or woman. Modern Vologda artists design wooden plates like this, Easter eggs, salt shakers and other souvenirs.
Sheksninskaya painting
Bright, elegant painting, suitable only for a holiday or decoration, belongs to the category of little-studied. It was created on the territory bordering the Yaroslavl and Novgorod provinces. A gilded pattern prevails on a bright red background, which is why the inhabitants of the Sheksninsky district call her "gilded".
The painting uses fantastic plants intertwined in a beautiful ornament. On plants unprecedented flowers and berries, sometimes birds of paradise.
Sheksninskaya painting resembles the golden Khokhloma, born in the Nizhny Novgorod region. How could a similar technique end up far in the north of the country? It turns out that the origins of the creation of both paintings were the ornaments of Russian icons and manuscript books. But the technology of performing artistic painting in these areas is different.
Supreme painting
This painting belongs to the free-brush. The image of the picture, in this case a flower ribbon, looks a little blurry, very natural and voluminous. Plants have always predominated in the ornament: berries, flowers, leaves.
This style was not known to our ancestors. Novelty is its hallmark. He was born at the end of the 20th century in a modern workshop. The art association "Nadezhda" has brought together like-minded local masters. They studied and revived some types of Vologda murals and became interested in the art of the masters of the city of Semyonov ("Golden Khokhloma"). Reproducing their manufacturing technology, they made some changes and got a very interesting result.
In the city of Semenov, a layer of "ludka" is applied to the surface of the product - a solution containing tin. This gives the item a silvery color. Next, a layer of drying oil is applied, and the product is sent to the oven. From the high temperature, tin and drying oil interact, and the color of the surface turns to gold. The main painting is carried out on it.
And the northerners, having canceled the varnish coating, got a silver, frosty, Vologda shade at the exit from the oven. This is how new products are born in the folk craft workshops of the Vologda Oblast.
The experience accumulated by the craftsmen has been passed from hand to hand for centuries. Thus, we can see today the preserved painting technique, as the result of the work of many generations. The continuity of traditions allows contemporary artists to work in the style created centuries ago by the masters of the Vologda Oblast.
Thanks to their skill, the most ordinary object, painted with a colorful pattern, turns into a festive, elegant thing that reflects the originality of a particular area of the northern region. But all together they bear the name - "Vologda painting".