Types of angles in degrees. What are the corners? Measuring angles with a protractor

Let's start by defining what an angle is. Firstly, it is Secondly, it is formed by two rays, which are called the sides of the angle. Thirdly, the latter come out of one point, which is called the apex of the corner. Based on these signs, we can make a definition: the angle - geometric figure, which consists of two rays (sides) emerging from one point (vertex).

They are classified by degrees, by location relative to each other and relative to the circle. Let's start with the types of angles by their size.

There are several varieties of them. Let's take a closer look at each type.

There are only four main types of angles - right, obtuse, acute and developed angle.

Straight

It looks like this:

Its degree measure is always 90 o, in other words, a right angle is an angle of 90 degrees. Only such quadrangles as a square and a rectangle have them.

Blunt

It looks like this:

The degree measure is always greater than 90 degrees, but less than 180 degrees. It can occur in such quadrangles as a rhombus, an arbitrary parallelogram, in polygons.

Spicy

It looks like this:

The degree measure of an acute angle is always less than 90°. It occurs in all quadrilaterals, except for a square and an arbitrary parallelogram.

deployed

The expanded angle looks like this:

It does not occur in polygons, but it is no less important than all the others. A straight angle is a geometric figure, the degree measure of which is always 180º. You can build on it by drawing one or more rays from its vertex in any direction.

There are several other secondary types of angles. They are not studied in schools, but it is necessary to know at least about their existence. There are only five secondary types of angles:

1. Zero

It looks like this:

The very name of the angle already speaks of its magnitude. His inner region equals 0 o, and the sides lie on top of each other as shown in the figure.

2. Oblique

Oblique can be straight, and obtuse, and acute, and developed angle. Its main condition is that it should not be equal to 0 o, 90 o, 180 o, 270 o.

3. Convex

Convex are zero, right, obtuse, acute and developed angles. As you already understood, the degree measure of a convex angle is from 0 o to 180 o.

4. Non-convex

Non-convex are angles with a degree measure from 181 o to 359 o inclusive.

5. Full

An angle with a measure of 360 degrees is a complete angle.

These are all types of angles according to their size. Now consider their types by location on the plane relative to each other.

1. Additional

These are two acute angles that form one straight line, i.e. their sum is 90 o.

2. Related

Adjacent angles are formed if a ray is drawn in any direction through a deployed, more precisely, through its top. Their sum is 180 o.

3. Vertical

Vertical angles are formed when two lines intersect. Their degree measures are equal.

Now let's move on to the types of angles located relative to the circle. There are only two of them: central and inscribed.

1. Central

The central angle is the one with the vertex at the center of the circle. Its degree measure is equal to the degree measure of the smaller arc subtended by the sides.

2. Inscribed

An inscribed angle is one whose vertex lies on the circle and whose sides intersect it. Its degree measure is equal to half of the arc on which it rests.

It's all about the corners. Now you know that in addition to the most famous - sharp, obtuse, straight and deployed - in geometry there are many other types of them.

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Students are familiar with the concept of angle in primary school. But as a geometric figure with certain properties, they begin to study it from the 7th grade in geometry. Seems, enough simple figure what can be said about her. But, acquiring new knowledge, schoolchildren understand more and more that you can learn quite interesting facts about her.

In contact with

When are studied

The school geometry course is divided into two sections: planimetry and solid geometry. Each of them has a lot of attention. given to the corners:

• In planimetry, their basic concept is given, acquaintance with their types in size takes place. The properties of each type of triangles are studied in more detail. New definitions for students appear - these are geometric shapes formed at the intersection of two lines with each other and the intersection of several lines of a secant.
• In stereometry, spatial angles are studied - dihedral and trihedral.

Attention! This article discusses all types and properties of angles in planimetry.

Definition and measurement

Starting to study, first determine, what is an angle in planimetry.

If we take a certain point on the plane and draw two arbitrary rays from it, we get a geometric figure - an angle, consisting of the following elements:

• the vertex - the point from which the rays were drawn, is indicated by a capital letter of the Latin alphabet;
• the sides are half-line drawn from the top.

All the elements that form the figure we are considering divide the plane into two parts:

• internal - in planimetry does not exceed 180 degrees;
• external.

The principle of measuring angles in planimetry explained intuitively. To begin with, students are introduced to the concept of a developed angle.

Important! An angle is said to be developed if the half-lines emanating from its vertex form a straight line. An unfolded angle is all other cases.

If it is divided into 180 equal parts, then it is customary to consider the measure of one part equal to 10. In this case, they say that the measurement is made in degrees, and the degree measure of such a figure is 180 degrees.

Main types

Types of angles are subdivided according to such criteria as degree measure, the nature of their formation and the categories below.

By size

Given the magnitude, the angles are divided into:

• deployed;
• straight;
• blunt;
• spicy.

What angle is called deployed was presented above. Let's define the concept of a straight line.

It can be obtained by dividing the deployed into two equal parts. In this case, it is easy to answer the question: a right angle, how many degrees is it?

Divide 180 degrees by 2 to get right angle is 90 degrees. This is a wonderful figure, since many facts in geometry are associated with it.

It also has its own characteristics in the designation. To show a right angle in the figure, it is indicated not by an arc, but by a square.

The angles that are obtained by dividing an arbitrary ray of a straight line are called acute. According to the logic of things, it follows that an acute angle is less than a right angle, but its measure is different from 0 degrees. That is, it has a value from 0 to 90 degrees.

An obtuse angle is greater than a right angle, but less than a straight angle. Its degree measure varies from 90 to 180 degrees.

This element can be broken down into different types considered figures, excluding the expanded one.

Regardless of how the non-rotated angle is broken, the basic axiom of planimetry is always used - “the main property of measurement”.

At dividing the angle with one beam or several, the degree measure of a given figure is equal to the sum of the measures of the angles into which it is divided.

At the level of the 7th grade, the types of angles in their magnitude end there. But to increase erudition, it can be added that there are other varieties that have a degree measure of more than 180 degrees. They are called convex.

Figures at the intersection of lines

The next types of angles that students are introduced to are the elements formed when two lines intersect. Figures that are placed opposite each other are called vertical. Their distinguishing feature is that they are equal.

Elements that are adjacent to the same line are called adjacent. The theorem mapping their property says that Adjacent angles add up to 180 degrees.

Elements in a triangle

If we consider the figure as an element in a triangle, then the angles are divided into internal and external. The triangle is bounded by three segments and consists of three vertices. The angles located inside the triangle at each vertex, called internal.

If we take any internal element at any vertex and extend any side, then the angle that is formed and is adjacent to the internal one is called external. This pair of elements has the following property: their sum is 180 degrees.

Intersection of two straight lines

Line intersection

When two straight lines intersect, angles are also formed, which are usually distributed in pairs. Each pair of elements has its own name. It looks like this:

• internal cross-lying: ∟4 and ∟6, ∟3 and ∟5;
• internal one-sided: ∟4 and ∟5, ∟3 and ∟6;
• corresponding: ∟1 and ∟5, ∟2 and ∟6, ∟4 and ∟8, ∟3 and ∟7.

In the case when the secant intersects two lines, all these pairs of angles have certain properties:

1. Internal crosswise lying and corresponding figures are equal to each other.
2. Internal one-sided elements add up to 180 degrees.

We study angles in geometry, their properties

Types of angles in mathematics

Conclusion

This article presents all the main types of angles that are found in planimetry and are studied in the seventh grade. In all subsequent courses, the properties relating to all the elements considered are the basis for further study of geometry. For example, studying, it will be necessary to recall all the properties of the angles formed at the intersection of two parallel lines of a secant. When studying the features of triangles, it is necessary to remember what adjacent angles are. Having switched to stereometry, all three-dimensional figures will be studied and built based on planimetric figures.

This article will consider one of the main geometric shapes - the angle. After a general introduction to this concept, we will focus on separate species such a figure. The straight angle is an important concept in geometry and will be the focus of this article.

Introduction to the concept of a geometric angle

In geometry, there are a number of objects that form the basis of all science. The angle just refers to them and is determined using the concept of a ray, so let's start with it.

Also, before proceeding to the definition of the angle itself, you need to remember several equally important objects in geometry - this is a point, a straight line on a plane, and the plane itself. A straight line is the simplest geometric figure, which has neither beginning nor end. A plane is a surface that has two dimensions. Well, a ray (or a half-line) in geometry is a part of a straight line that has a beginning, but no end.

Using these concepts, we can make a statement that an angle is a geometric figure that lies completely in a certain plane and consists of two mismatched rays with a common origin. Such rays are called the sides of the angle, and the common beginning of the sides is its vertex.

Types of angles and geometry

We know that angles can be quite different. And therefore, a little classification will be given below, which will help to better understand the types of angles and their main features. So, there are several types of angles in geometry:

1. Right angle. It is characterized by a value of 90 degrees, which means that its sides are always perpendicular to each other.
2. Sharp corner. These angles include all their representatives, having a size less than 90 degrees.
3. Obtuse angle. All angles with a value from 90 to 180 degrees can also be here.
4. Expanded corner. It has a size of strictly 180 degrees and externally its sides form one straight line.

The concept of a straight angle

Now let's look at the developed angle in more detail. This is the case when both sides lie on the same straight line, which can be clearly seen in the figure below. This means that we can say with confidence that one of its sides is, in fact, a continuation of the other.

It is worth remembering the fact that such an angle can always be divided using a ray that comes out of its vertex. As a result, we get two angles, which in geometry are called adjacent.

Also, the developed angle has several features. In order to talk about the first of them, you need to remember the concept of "angle bisector". Recall that this is a ray that divides any angle strictly in half. As for the straight angle, its bisector divides it in such a way that two right angles of 90 degrees are formed. This is very easy to calculate mathematically: 180˚ (degree of a straightened angle): 2 = 90˚.

If, however, we divide the developed angle by a completely arbitrary ray, then as a result we always get two angles, one of which will be acute and the other obtuse.

Flat Corner Properties

It will be convenient to consider this angle, bringing together all its main properties, which we have done in this list:

1. The sides of a straight angle are antiparallel and form a straight line.
2. The value of the developed angle is always 180˚.
3. Two adjacent angles together always make a straight angle.
4. The full angle, which is 360˚, consists of two deployed ones and is equal to their sum.
5. Half a straightened angle is a right angle.

So, knowing all these characteristics of this type of angle, we can use them to solve a number of geometric problems.

Problems with straight corners

In order to understand whether you have mastered the concept of a straight angle, try to answer a few of the following questions.

1. What is a straight angle if its sides form a vertical line?
2. Will two angles be adjacent if the magnitude of the first is 72˚ and the other is 118˚?
3. If a full angle consists of two straight angles, how many right angles does it have?
4. A straight angle is divided by a beam into two such angles that their degree measures are related as 1:4. Calculate the obtained angles.

Solutions and answers:

1. No matter how the straight angle is located, it is always by definition equal to 180˚.
2. Adjacent corners have one common side. Therefore, to calculate the size of the angle that they put together, you just need to add the value of their degree measures. So, 72 +118 = 190. But by definition, a straight angle is 180˚, which means that two given angles cannot be adjacent.
3. A straight angle contains two right angles. And since there are two deployed ones in the full one, it means that there will be 4 straight lines in it.
4. If we call the desired angles a and b, then let x be the coefficient of proportionality for them, which means that a \u003d x, and accordingly b \u003d 4x. A straight angle in degrees is 180˚. And according to its properties, that the degree measure of an angle is always equal to the sum of the degree measures of those angles into which it is divided by any arbitrary ray that passes between its sides, we can conclude that x + 4x = 180˚, which means 5x = 180˚ . From here we find: x=a=36˚ and b = 4x = 144˚. Answer: 36˚ and 144˚.

If you managed to answer all these questions without prompts and without peeking into the answers, then you are ready to move on to the next geometry lesson.

The measurement of angles is reduced to the measurement of the arcs corresponding to them as follows. An angle equal to 1/90 is taken as a unit of angle. right angle. This unit is called angular degree .

For the unit of arcs of the same radius, take such an arc of the same radius, which corresponds to the central angle equal to the angular degree. Such an arc is called arc degree.

Since the right central angle corresponds to 1/4 of the circle, then the angular degree corresponds to 1/90 of the quarter of the circle. Hence, the arc degree is 1/360 of the whole circle.

Let it be required to measure the angle AOB, that is, to find the ratio of this angle to the angular degree MNP. To do this, we describe the arcs CD and EF from the vertices of the angles with an arbitrary but identical radius.

Then we will have:

The left ratio of this proportion is a number that measures the angle AOB in arc degrees. The right ratio is a number that measures the arc CD in arc degrees.

Therefore, this proportion can be expressed as follows: the number that measures the angle in degrees of arc is equal to the number that measures the corresponding arc in arc degrees.

For brevity, this phrase is usually expressed as follows: An angle is measured by its corresponding arc.

Degrees of an angle or arc are subdivided into 60 equal parts, called minutes(angular or arc).

A minute is divided into 60 equal parts, called seconds(angular or arc).

From what has been said above, it follows that an angle contains as many angular degrees, minutes and seconds as there are arc degrees, minutes and seconds in the corresponding arc.

If, for example, the arc CD contains 40 deg. 25 min. and 13.5 seconds (arc), then the angle AOB is 40 degrees. 25 min. 13.5 sec. (angular). This is abbreviated as:

∠AOB = 40°25' 13.5'',

denoting the signs (°), (‘), (‘’) respectively degrees, minutes and seconds.

Since a right angle contains 90°, then:

1. the sum of the angles of any triangle is 180°;

2. the sum of the acute angles of a right triangle is 90°;

3. each angle of an equilateral triangle is 60°;

4. the sum of the angles of a convex polygon having n sides is 180° (n - 2).

Protractor - This is a device used to measure angles, it is a semicircle, the arc of which is divided into 180 degrees.

To measure the angle AOB, put a device on it so that the center of the semicircle coincides with the vertex of the angle, and the radius OM coincides with the side AO. Then the number of degrees contained in the arc PN will show the magnitude of the angle AOB. Using a protractor, you can also draw an angle containing a given number of degrees.

Of course, on such a device there is no way to count not only seconds, but also minutes. Measurement and construction can only be performed approximately.